2025/09/08 by Akshita Vyas, Sumeet Dwivedi, Sweta S Koka +1 · 1 voice
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Medicine · #Breast Cancer Treatment Studies #HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research #Advanced Breast Cancer Therapies
paper · doi:10.70389/pjs.100101
openalex publication_date 2025/09/08 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/15
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype lacking estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression, accounting for 15–20% of breast cancer cases. OBJECTIVE To review TNBC’s molecular heterogeneity, current therapies, and future directions. METHODS A literature search (2010–2025) was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on clinical trials, molecular subtyping, and targeted therapies. RESULTS TNBC exhibits diverse molecular subtypes (basal-like, immunomodulatory, and luminal androgen receptor [LAR]) with distinct therapeutic responses. Chemotherapy (taxanes, anthracyclines, and platinum agents) remains the mainstay, while PARP inhibitors, immune checkpoint blockers (e.g., pembrolizumab), and androgen receptor antagonists show promise in subtype-specific contexts. Despite advances, resistance and poor prognosis persist, necessitating biomarker-driven strategies. CONCLUSION Personalized therapy based on molecular profiling and clinical trials targeting novel pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, NOTCH) is critical for improving TNBC outcomes.