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Playing outdoors in Dutch cities: how children perceive and value the public space as a place to play

2026/06/05 by Gerben Helleman, S.I. de Vries, Machiel van Dorst · 1 voice
Engineering · Environmental Science · Social Sciences · #Children's Rights and Participation #Spatial Cognition and Navigation #Urban Green Space and Health

paper · doi:10.1080/23748834.2026.2677397

openalex publication_date 2026/06/05 · openalex created_date 2026/06/06 · openalex updated_date 2026/06/06

Abstract

Outdoor play can positively affect children’s personal development and health. But how do children perceive and value public space as a place to play, and which factors influence their perceptions and valuations? A total of 89 Dutch children, aged 5 to 11 years, participated in the study. Using photovoice and walk-along methodologies, children told and showed us their favorite and least favorite play spaces. Results showed that children perceive their environment in diverse ways. On the one hand, they engage with the play opportunities offered to them in public space, and on the other hand, they employ creativity to reinterpret the public space to their liking by transforming ordinary objects into play attributes. Physical environmental factors (variety of play spaces, challenging play elements, materials, hygiene) and social environmental factors (the presence of other children, bullying, social safety) influence how children perceive and value public space. Improving these factors might contribute to more child-friendly, play-friendly and therefore healthy cities.

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