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mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations inR

2011/01/01 by Stef van Buuren, Karin Groothuis‐Oudshoorn · 1 voice · 343 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Computer Science · Mathematics · #Data Analysis with R #Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies #Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference

paper · doi:10.18637/jss.v045.i03

openalex publication_date 2011/01/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/01

Abstract

The R package <b>mice</b> imputes incomplete multivariate data by chained equations. The software mice 1.0 appeared in the year 2000 as an S-PLUS library, and in 2001 as an R package. mice 1.0 introduced predictor selection, passive imputation and automatic pooling. This article documents mice, which extends the functionality of mice 1.0 in several ways. In <b>mice</b>, the analysis of imputed data is made completely general, whereas the range of models under which pooling works is substantially extended. <b>mice</b> adds new functionality for imputing multilevel data, automatic predictor selection, data handling, post-processing imputed values, specialized pooling routines, model selection tools, and diagnostic graphs. Imputation of categorical data is improved in order to bypass problems caused by perfect prediction. Special attention is paid to transformations, sum scores, indices and interactions using passive imputation, and to the proper setup of the predictor matrix. <b>mice</b> can be downloaded from the Comprehensive R Archive Network. This article provides a hands-on, stepwise approach to solve applied incomplete data problems.

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