Distinct compositional changes but shared quantitative microbiome and anti-inflammatory modulations by diet

2026/07/01 by Hannah K. Ruple, Lynn Schintgen, Eva Haasis +7 · 1 voice
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Agricultural and Biological Sciences · Medicine · #Gut microbiota and health #Probiotics and Fermented Foods #Nutritional Studies and Diet

paper · pdf · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117624

openalex publication_date 2026/07/01 · openalex created_date 2026/07/03 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31

Abstract

Gut microbiome composition has been frequently but inconsistently associated with human disease. Using a food dye-based gastrointestinal (GI) passage assay to measure GI transit time, stool production (fecal mass), fecal microbiota density (microbial load), and absolute microbiota proliferation (fecal microbiota excretion) in mice, we show quantitative microbiome parameters (QMPs) to be controlled by diet, feeding pattern, and IL-10 deficiency, with food intake and GI transit time acting as separate modulators. High-fiber diet (HFiD) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) reduce GI transit time and induce convergent QMP reductions, whereas high-fat diet (HFaD) produces contrary effects. Intestinal gene expression signatures are consistent with the described shared anti-inflammatory effects of HFiD and TRF, which sharply contrast differences in fecal taxonomic microbiota profiles that are explained by ecological and experimental confounders. Similar QMP and gene expression modulations by distinct diet and feeding interventions warrant exploration of a diagnostic and therapeutic QMP potential for microbiome-mediated disease.

Citations

• The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools
• Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease
• The intestinal clock drives the microbiome to maintain gastrointestinal homeostasis
• Microbial community-scale metabolic modelling predicts personalized short-chain fatty acid production profiles in the human gut
• Fecal microbial load is a major determinant of gut microbiome variation and a confounder for disease associations
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Discussions

• Forschende der @unihohenheim.bsky.social zeigen, dass nicht nur die Zusammensetzung des Mikrobioms, sondern auch die absolute Menge an Darmbakterien für Gesundheit und Krankheit entscheidend sein könn [bsky, 1 points, 0 comments]

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