Autism spectrum disorder: definition, epidemiology, causes, and clinical evaluation

2020/02/01 by Holly Hodges, Casey Fealko, Neelkamal Soares · 7 citations
Neuroscience · Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Social Sciences · #Autism Spectrum Disorder Research #Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders #Child Development and Digital Technology

paper · pdf · doi:10.21037/tp.2019.09.09

openalex publication_date 2020/02/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. There have been recent concerns about increased prevalence, and this article seeks to elaborate on factors that may influence prevalence rates, including recent changes to the diagnostic criteria. The authors review evidence that ASD is a neurobiological disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors affecting the developing brain, and enumerate factors that correlate with ASD risk. Finally, the article describes how clinical evaluation begins with developmental screening, followed by referral for a definitive diagnosis, and provides guidance on screening for comorbid conditions.

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Related

• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Advances in Autism
• Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 Years - Autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014
• Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016
• Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2018