The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
2021/03/29 by Matthew J. Page, Joanne E. McKenzie, Patrick M. Bossuyt +23 · 173 citations
Decision Sciences · Medicine · Social Sciences · #Delphi Technique in Research #Meta-analysis and systematic reviews #Traumatic Brain Injury Research
paper · doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906
openalex publication_date 2021/03/29 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/31
Abstract
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews.
Citations
Cited by
- In Pursuit of Racial Equality: Identifying the Determinants of Support for the Black Lives Matter Movement with a Systematic Review and Multiple Meta-Analyses
- Student Burnout and Educational Dropout: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dropout Behavior and Intentions
- The State of Evidence in Digital Hate Research: An Umbrella Review
- Investigating the effect of artificial intelligence in education (AIEd) on learning achievement: A meta-analysis and research synthesis
- National and regional prevalence of interpersonal violence from others’ alcohol use: a systematic review and modelling study
- Systematic review of social prescribing and older adults: where to from here?
- A systematic literature review of randomization procedures within single-case research designs
- Quantifying cost savings from outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy programme: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Outdoor learning on the edge of Europe: a systematic review of practice from Ireland
- Robotic versus laparoscopic hepatectomy: meta-analysis of propensity-score matched studies
- How to Interpret and Evaluate a Meta-Analysis in the Field of Speech-Language Pathology: A Tutorial for Clinicians
- The psychology of esports: Trends, challenges, and future directions
- Understanding farmer preferences and trade-offs for adopting sustainable crop production: a systematic review
- What Apps Exist That Can Be Leveraged for Speech and Language Surveillance in Children? A Scoping Review
- A scoping review of unexpected weight loss and cancer: risk, guidelines, and recommendations for follow-up in primary care
- The state of disaster and resilience literature in British Columbia, Canada. A systematic scoping review
- The effectiveness of group-based psychological interventions for emotional distress in non-clinical adult populations: a systematic review
- A systematic review of breastfeeding prevalence, duration and determining factors in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Blockchain for sustainability: A systematic literature review for policy impact
- Interventions to support patient decision making about taking part in health research: A systematic review
- How effective is feedback for L1, L2, and FL learners’ writing? A meta-analysis
- The maturity level of the agri-food sector in the circular economy domain: A systematic literature review
- Electroencephalography (EEG) Physiological Indices Reflecting Human Physical Performance: A Systematic Review Using Updated PRISMA
- A comparative review of de- and post-growth modeling studies
- Reading comprehension intervention in populations with developmental language disorder: A scoping review
- Scientific misconduct, questionable research practices, and research climate: empirical approaches to integrity problems
- Mental Health Screening Tools for Cancer Patients, and Their Caregivers: An Umbrella Review
- Neuroqueer in/and social work: A scoping review of theory and practice
- The replication crisis has led to positive structural, procedural, and community changes
- Assessment of Prior Infection With Histoplasmosis Using Skin Test and Serological Surveys: A Global Systematic Review
- Time lags in environmental governance: A critical review
- Striving for Global Consensus: A Systematic Review of Social Return on Investment Applied to Physical Activity and Sport
- A scoping review of studies on ruscism: tracing the academic and political evolution of a controversial term
- Autistic identity: A systematic review of quantitative research
- eDNA offers opportunities for improved biodiversity monitoring within forest carbon markets
- Resting-State Functional MRI in Dyslexia: A Systematic Review
- Laparoscopic versus open repair of perforated peptic ulcer: systematic scoping review and in-depth evaluation of existing evidence
- Home‐Based Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for Community‐Dwelling, At‐Risk, Frail Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
- Carvedilol <i>versus</i> metoprolol in preventing post-operative atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- How to Communicate Science to the Public?
- Computational reproducibility of Jupyter notebooks from biomedical publications
- Charting the course for management: a global analysis of effects of vessels on marine megafauna
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultured in MGIT media for whole-genome sequencing application: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
- Health system responsiveness for maternal healthcare services in East Africa: a mixed-methods systematic review
- The Bimodal Age Distribution of Mass Murder: a Systematic Review Using Evolutionary and Life History Perspectives
- Intergenerational Learning in the Workplace. What About Academic Staff at Higher Education Institutions?
- Clinical Spectrum and Dynamics of Sequelae Following Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infection: A Systematic Literature Review
- Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials examining social comparison as a behaviour change technique across the behavioural sciences
- Unveiling the role of extracellular vesicles in reproductive success and uterine diseases – a systematic review
- Life cycle assessment applications to reuse, recycling and circular practices for textiles: A review
- Self-Compassion in Qualified and Student Social Workers: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
- Demystifying Open Science in health psychology and behavioral medicine: a practical guide to Registered Reports and Data Notes
- Guideline for reporting systematic reviews of outcome measurement instruments (OMIs): PRISMA-COSMIN for OMIs 2024
- ‘A certain magic’ – autistic adults’ experiences of interacting with other autistic people and its relation to Quality of Life: A systematic review and thematic meta-synthesis
- A systematic review of interpersonal processes and their measurement within experience sampling studies of self-injurious thoughts and behaviours
- Who is left out? A systematic review on the barriers and facilitators for screening participation reported by people in vulnerable situations with strategies for the future
- Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on symptoms of chronic venous disease of the lower limbs: A systematic review
- The effects of forest bathing on self-criticism, self-compassion, and self-protection: A systematic review
- Urban environment exposures and cognitive health: an evidence gap map of systematic reviews
- Competencies of Early Childhood Teachers: A Scoping Review
- The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Evolution of Graphic Design: Current Practices and Challenges
- Efficacy and safety of first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with or without anti-angiogenesis therapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis
- Effects of group reminiscence interventions on depressive symptoms and life satisfaction in older adults with intact cognition and mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review
- Social Cognition in Suicidal Behavior in Psychosis: A Systematic Review
- Brain stimulation techniques as novel treatment options for insomnia: A systematic review
- Efficacy and Safety of Modafinil for Treatment of Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials: Efficacité et innocuité du modafinil pour le traitement des troubles liés à l'usage de stimulants de type amphétamine : revue systématique et méta-analyse d'essais randomisés contrôlés par placebo
- Evidence- and consensus-based practical recommendations for use of topical ciclosporin to treat ocular surface disease in Australian clinical practice
- Ketogenic Diets and Depression and Anxiety
- Dose–response analysis of music intervention for improving delirium in intensive care unit patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
- Machine Learning Approaches to Injury Risk Prediction in Sport
- The effects of acute exposure to prolonged sitting, with and without interruption, on central and peripheral pulse wave velocity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Prone position applied to COVID‐19 patients: Systematic review–meta‐analysis
- School partnered approaches to emotionally based school avoidance in UK primary and secondary school‐age learners: A systematic review
- Temporal dynamics in the association between depression and dementia: an umbrella review and meta-analysis
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Multisystemic Therapy and Functional Family Therapy Targeting Antisocial Behavior in Adolescence
- Habitat-dependent dietary pattern of white-bellied sea-eagle: a cross-regional meta-analysis
- The Impacts of Intelligent Feedback on Learning Achievements and Learning Perceptions in Inquiry-Based Science Learning: A Meta-Analysis of Studies from 2013 to 2023
- Reusability of Bayesian Networks case studies: a survey
- Business and management education for sustainability: A state-of-the-art review of literature post-UN Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2015–2023)
- Scoping review of registration of observational studies finds inadequate registration policies, increased registration, and a debate converging toward proregistration
- The Effectiveness of Face Masks in Preventing COVID-19 Transmission: A Systematic Review
- Effectiveness of Digital Lifestyle Interventions on Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Well-Being: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Nature-based interventions for older adults: a systematic review of intervention types and methods, health effects and pathways
- Improving sarcopenia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of whey protein supplementation with or without resistance training
- The Reel Health Care Professionals of Instagram: A Systematic Review
- Ecosystem services of Chilean sclerophyllous forests and shrublands on the verge of collapse: A review
- Twenty-four years of empirical research on trust in AI: a bibliometric review of trends, overlooked issues, and future directions
- Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences Score and Traumatic Brain Injury Occurrence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Implementing the 27 PRISMA 2020 Statement items for systematic reviews in the sport and exercise medicine, musculoskeletal rehabilitation and sports science fields: the PERSiST (implementing Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport medicine and SporTs science) guidance
- Emerging Links Between COVID-19 and Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Thromboembolic Events: A Systematic Review
- Practical and ethical challenges of large language models in education: A systematic scoping review
- Bushfire and adolescent mental health: A systematic review
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Paternal Anxiety and the Emotional and Behavioral Outcomes in Their Offspring
- Global consequences of dam‐induced river fragmentation on diadromous migrants: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
- Empirical evidence supports neither land sparing nor land sharing as the main strategy to manage agriculture–biodiversity tradeoffs
- Cutaneous Friction Injuries and Blister Prevention in Athletes: From Stratum Corneum Mechanics to Smart-Textile Solutions: A Systematic Review
- The Role of Exercise in Mitigating Cancer Treatment Side Effects: A Comprehensive Review
- Climate Change and Infectious Disease Patterns: A Comprehensive Review of Current Evidence
- The effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions using information and communication technologies for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- A Systematic Review of the Benefits and Challenges of Technologies for the Learning of University Students With Disabilities
- From Counsel to Code: Implications of AI Dependency for Authentic Human Bonds – A Systematic Review
- A comprehensive review of mammalian carnivore translocations
- The psychological impact of sarcoma on affected patients
- Exploring Social Media Use Among Academics: Through the Lens of Practice Architectures
- The Impact of Diet on Oral Health: A Systematic Review
- Perspectives Future Research in Conceptual Change for Science Education: Systematic Literature Review
- Exhaled volatile organic compounds associated with risk factors for obstructive pulmonary diseases: a systematic review
- Online Peer Support for People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Synthesis Systematic Review
- A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the success of different protective liners after performing selective caries removal
- Effectiveness of physical activity interventions on undergraduate students’ mental health: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Religion and Emotion Regulation: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies
- Early versus Late Switch to an Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant after Failed Anti-VEGF Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- Worldwide distribution, symptoms and diagnosis of the coinfections between malaria and arboviral diseases: a systematic review
- Q methodology in applied linguistics: A systematic research synthesis
- Community pharmacist-led interventions to improve medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
- Antithrombotic treatment of cervical artery dissection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- Ambitious food system interventions required to mitigate the risk of exceeding Earth’s environmental limits
- Harnessing Biotechnology for Enhanced Crop Resistance and Dietary Quality
- Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Management of Diabetes and Heart Failure Comorbidity: A Review of Current Evidence
- Facilitators and barriers of healthcare financing modalities for universal maternal healthcare services in East Africa: a qualitative systematic review
- "Give me a break!" A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of micro-breaks for increasing well-being and performance
- Conceptualisation of financial capability in adults with acquired cognitive impairment: A qualitative evidence synthesis
- Prevalence and disposal of unused medicines: a systematic review of cross-sectional studies
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of environmental heat exposure on cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus in low- & middle-income countries
- Types of stent retrievers used in mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke: A scoping review
- Introducing CRIS—A unified framework for systematic literature searches across disciplines
- Antibiotic use without prescription among children aged under 5 years in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Outcomes of surgically managed brainstem cavernous Malformations: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis
- Systematic review of culturally adapted SEL interventions for racially and ethnically minoritized preschool children
- Jumping to conclusions and delusional ideation: A systematic review and meta-analysis across the psychosis continuum
- The impact of vaccination on preventing long COVID in the Omicron era: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Electroencephalogram activity related to psychopathological and neuropsychological symptoms in institutionalised minors: a systematic review
- Guideline Recommendations on Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review
- Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of migraine
- Analyzing the Interconnection Between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Criteria and Corporate Corruption: Revealing the Significant Impact of Greenwashing
- Recommendations to advance digital health equity: a systematic review of qualitative studies
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging–based Biopsy Strategies in Prostate Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review
- An overview of seafarers’ engagement and training on energy efficient operation of ships
- Flow Experience in Gameful Approaches: A Systematic Literature Review, Scientometric Analysis, and Research Agenda
- Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Education and Training: A Systematic Literature Review
- A meta-analysis of the relationship between quality management and innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises
- Eco-emotional Responses to Climate Change: A Scoping Review of Social Work Literature
- Virtual reality and gamification in education: a systematic review
- Machine learning applications in preventive healthcare: A systematic literature review on predictive analytics of disease comorbidity from multiple perspectives
- A mixed‐method systematic literature review of health literacy interventions for people with disabilities
- Promising natural products for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A review of in vitro and in vivo studies
- Consequences of client violence towards the social worker: A systematic review
- A Scoping Review of Mathematics Interventions: Moderation Analyses of Initial Mathematics Skills
- Empathy Detection from Text, Audiovisual, Audio or Physiological Signals: A Systematic Review of Task Formulations and Machine Learning Methods
- Diet modification reduces pain and improves function in adults with osteoarthritis: a systematic review
- Epidemiology, clinical outcomes, and unmet needs of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer and brain metastases: A systematic literature review
- Risk of multi-drug-resistant organism acquisition from prior bed occupants in the intensive care unit: a meta-analysis
- Global diversity and energy of animals shaping the Earth’s surface
- The impact of self-isolation on psychological wellbeing and how to reduce it: a systematic review
- Use of Digital Resources in Higher Education during COVID-19: A Literature Review
- A meta-analytical account of the functional lateralization of the reading network
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Effects of Pharmacological Treatment for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Quality of Life
- A systematic review of approaches to assess fish health responses to anthropogenic threats in freshwater ecosystems
- Machine learning applied to gait analysis data in cerebral palsy and stroke: A systematic review
- Reciprocal developmental pathways between future-related thinking and symptoms of adolescent depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.
- Peer review in the global digital age: perspectives of publishing industry stakeholders
- Autoimmune diseases and female-specific cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis
- On the willingness to pay for food sustainability labelling: A meta‐analysis
- Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and cancer outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Consideration of intersectoral costs and benefits in health economic evaluations of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: a systematic review
- Technology-Enhanced Collaborative Inquiry in K–12 Classrooms: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies
- Students’ sociodemographic characteristics and writing performance: a systematic literature review
- Prognostic value of the New York Heart Association classification for cardiovascular events and mortality in Chagas cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis with GRADE recommendations
- How can technology assessment tools support sustainable innovation? A systematic literature review and synthesis
- Perspectiva del alumnado con discapacidad sobre barreras, facilitadores y mecanismos para la inclusión en la universidad
- A systematic review of empirical studies on multidisciplinary design collaboration: Findings, methods, and challenges
- A Meta-Analysis on Mobile-Assisted Language Learning Applications: Benefits and Risks
- Palliative care needs and models of care for people who use drugs and/or alcohol: A mixed methods systematic review
- Women’s Social Health and Related Factors in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Related