1999/01/12 by A. V. Nikulov
Physics and Astronomy · #cond-mat.supr-con #cond-mat.stat-mech
published as Symmetry and Pairing in Superconductors, Ed. M.Ausloos, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1999, pp. 385-394 · 10 pages LaTex, paper was presented on NATO ARW "Symmetry and Pairing in Superconductors", Yalta, Ukraina, April 28 - May 2, 1998
arxiv created 1999/01/12 · arxiv updated 2009/11/30
It is shown that a heat energy can be transformed in an electric energy of direct current by the use of an inhomogeneous superconducting ring. This trasformation is possible both at an iterative change of temperature and at an unaltered temperature. In the first case the ring is a classical heat engine with a maximum efficiency in the Carno cycle. The second case contradicts to the second thermodynamic law formulated in the middle of last century. Nevertheless this result is correct because the thermal fluctuation is an opposite (relatively of the second thermodynamic law) consequence of the law of entropy increase. In order to introduce some order into the chaotic energy of the thermal fluctuations a preferential direction should exist. Such preferential direction of superconducting electron motion exists in a ring if a magnetic flux is not divisible by the flux quantum.