1999/12/10 by А. В. Никулов, A. V. Nikulov, Nikulov, A. V. · 1 citation
Physics and Astronomy · #Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics #FOS: Physical sciences #General Physics (physics.gen-ph) #Quantum Mechanics and Applications #Statistical Mechanics and Entropy #physics.gen-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.physics/9912022
16 pages, 0 figures
arxiv created 1999/12/10 · openalex publication_date 1999/12/10 · arxiv updated 2009/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
One of the oldest science problems - possibility of the perpetuum mobile is discussed. The interest to this problem was provoke a result, published in J. Low Temp.Phys. 112, 227 (1998); cond-mat/9811148, which contradicts to the second law of thermodynamics. According to this result, the thermal fluctuations can induce a voltage with direct component in a inhomogeneous superconducting ring at an unaltered temperature corresponded to the resistive transition of the ring segment with the lowest critical temperature. This result arises from obvious statements: 1) the switching of a ring segment lb into and out of the normal state, while the rest of the ring (segment la) remains superconducting, can induced a voltage with dc component (It is shown that, in spite of the wide spread opinion, this statement is correct because the superconductivity is a macroscopic quantum phenomena); 2) the thermal fluctuations switch the mesoscopic ring segment lb with lowest critical temperature Tsb into and out of the normal state at T ≃ Tsb, while the rest of the ring remains superconducting if Tsa > T ≃ Tsb. In order to resolve the contradiction between these obvious statements and the second law of thermodynamics a possibility of the second order perpetuum mobile is considered theoretically. It is shown that from two type of the perpetuum mobile, only type "b" and only in quantum systems is possible. According to the presented interpretation, the total entropy, as the measure of the chaos, may be systematically reduced in some quantum system because a "switching" between the classical and quantum mechanics is possible. Instruction for the making of the perpetuum mobile is enclosed.