Metallic behavior and related phenomena in two dimensions

2000/06/30 by Elihu Abrahams, E. Abrahams, S. V. Kravchenko +1 · 85 citations
Engineering · Physics and Astronomy · #Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design #Quantum and electron transport phenomena #Surface and Thin Film Phenomena #cond-mat.str-el

paper · pdf · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.73.251

published as Rev. Mod. Phys. 73, 251 (2001) · To be published in Rev. Mod. Phys

arxiv created 2000/10/03 · openalex publication_date 2001/03/14 · arxiv updated 2009/11/30 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28

Abstract

For about 20 years, it has been the prevailing view that there can be no metallic state or metal-insulator transition in two dimensions in zero magnetic field. In the last several years, however, unusual behavior suggestive of such a transition has been reported in a variety of dilute two-dimensional electron and hole systems. The physics behind these observations is at present not understood. The authors review and discuss the main experimental findings and suggested theoretical models.

Citations

• Metallic Low-Temperature Resistivity in a 2D Electron System Over an Extended Temperature Range
• Continuous Quantum Phase Transitions
• Novel phenomena in dilute electron systems in two dimensions
• Coulomb gap and low temperature conductivity of disordered systems
• Scaling Theory of Localization: Absence of Quantum Diffusion in Two Dimensions

Cited by

• Philip Warren Anderson
• Terahertz electrodynamics in a zero-field Wigner crystal
• A generation-based particle–hole density-matrix renormalization group study of interacting quantum dots
• Fast-projectile stopping power of two-dimensional strongly correlated electron liquids
• Thermodynamic Density of States of Two-Dimensional GaAs Systems near the Apparent Metal-Insulator Transition
• Electrically Detected Electron Spin Resonance in a High-Mobility Silicon Quantum Well
• Polarizational stopping power of heavy-ion diclusters in two-dimensional electron liquids
• Magnetotransport of electrons in quantum Hall systems
• Analytical realization of finite-size scaling for Anderson localization: Is there a transition in the 2D case?
• Nonlinear screening and percolative transition in a two-dimensional electron liquid
• Role of pinning potentials in heat transport through disordered harmonic chains
• Relative importance of the electron interaction strength and disorder in the two-dimensional metallic state
• Low-temperature field effect in a crystalline organic material
• Noninteracting Electrons and the Metal-Insulator Transition in Two Dimensions with Correlated Impurities
• Effective mass in quasi–two-dimensional systems
• Microwave control of directed transport in asymmetric antidot structures
• Competition between Anderson Localization and Antiferromagnetism in Correlated Lattice Fermion Systems with Disorder
• Self-generated electronic heterogeneity and quantum glassiness in the high-temperature superconductors
• Effects of Thickness on the Spin Susceptibility of the Two Dimensional Electron Gas
• Nonlinear magnetic field dependence of spin polarization in high-density two-dimensional electron systems
• Geometrically averaged density of states as a measure of localization
• Reentrant Metallic Behavior of Graphite in the Quantum Limit
• Thermodynamic spin magnetization of strongly correlated two-dimensional electrons in a silicon inversion layer
• Spin Susceptibility of an Ultra-Low-Density Two-Dimensional Electron System
• Resistance Noise Scaling in a Dilute Two-Dimensional Hole System in GaAs
• In-Plane Magnetodrag between Dilute Two-Dimensional Systems
• Electrostatic Tuning of the Superconductor-Insulator Transition in Two Dimensions
• Strongly correlated quantum dots in weak confinement potentials and magnetic fields
• Singular or non-Fermi liquids
• Particle-Hole Symmetry and the Effect of Disorder on the Mott-Hubbard Insulator
• Typical medium theory of Anderson localization: A local order parameter approach to strong-disorder effects
• Few-electron quantum dots and disks in zero magnetic field: possible indications on a liquid–solid transition
• The phase diagram of the multi-dimensional Anderson localization via analytic determination of Lyapunov exponents
• Conductivity in quasi-two-dimensional systems
• Electronic properties in a two-dimensional disordered electron liquid: Spin-valley interplay
• Linear temperature dependence of the conductivity in Si two-dimensional electrons near the apparent metal-to-insulator transition
• Coulomb blockade and insulator-to-metal quantum phase transition
• Renormalization Group and Ward Identities in Quantum Liquid Phases and in Unconventional Critical Phenomena
• Exact multielectronic electron-concentration-dependent ground states for disordered two-dimensional two-band systems in the presence of disordered hoppings and finite on-site random interactions
• Correlation energy of a two-dimensional electron gas from static and dynamic exchange-correlation kernels
• Spin polarization and metallic behavior in a silicon two-dimensional electron system
• Singular corrections to the Fermi-liquid theory
• Spin magnetization of a strongly correlated electron gas confined in a two-dimensional finite lattice
• Unconventional metallic conduction in two-dimensional Hubbard-Wigner lattices
• Spin-Independent Effective Mass in a Valley-Degenerate Electron System
• Interplay between phonon and impurity scattering in two-dimensional hole transport
• Effective mass enhancement in two-dimensional electron systems: the role of interaction and disorder effects
• Weak Anisotropy and Disorder Dependence of the In-Plane Magnetoresistance in High-Mobility (100) Si-Inversion Layers
• Dipole trap model for the metal-insulator transition in gated silicon-inversion layers
• Two-Dimensional Metal in a Parallel Magnetic Field
• Metal to Insulator Quantum-Phase Transition in Few-Layered ReS2
• Metal–insulator transitions and the effects of electron–electron interactions in two-dimensional electron systems
• Disappearance of Metal-Like Behavior in GaAs Two-Dimensional Holes below 30 mK
• From insulator to quantum Hall liquid at low magnetic fields
• Anomalous insulator-metal transition in boron nitride-graphene hybrid atomic layers
• Integral coalescence conditions in D⩾2, dimension space
• Unconventional metal-insulator transition in two dimensions
• Simulation of Anderson localization in two-dimensional ultracold gases for pointlike disorder
• Quantum criticality in the iron pnictides and chalcogenides
• Half-filled Hubbard ring with alternating site potentials in a magnetic field
• Anderson Transition in Two-Dimensional Systems with Spin-Orbit Coupling
• The Elusive Bose Metal
• Manifestation of strong correlations in transport in ultraclean SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells
• Disorder-dependence of the critical density in two-dimensional systems: An empirical relation
• Dynamical mean-field theory of quantum stripe glasses
• Divergent Thermopower without a Quantum Phase Transition
• Two-dimensional system of strongly interacting electrons in silicon (100) structures
• Unifying Model for Several Classes of Two-Dimensional Phase Transition
• Weakly interacting Bose gas in a random environment
• Linear in-plane magnetoconductance and spin susceptibility of a two-dimensional electron gas on a vicinal silicon surface
• Degenerate versus semidegenerate transport in a correlated two-dimensional hole system
• Mobility versus quality in two-dimensional semiconductor structures
• Ratchet transport of interacting particles
• Connecting the Reentrant Insulating Phase and the Zero-Field Metal-Insulator Transition in a 2D Hole System
• Interacting Electrons in a Two-Dimensional Disordered Environment: Effect of a Zeeman Magnetic Field
• Critical Behavior of a Strongly Disordered 2D Electron System: The Cases of Long-Range and Screened Coulomb Interactions
• Dimensional and temperature dependence of metal-insulator transition in correlated and disordered systems
• Disorder-induced enhancement of the persistent current for strongly interacting electrons in one-dimensional rings
• In-plane magnetoconductivity of Si MOSFETs: A quantitative comparison of theory and experiment
• Structural transition of a Wigner crystal on a liquid substrate
• On-site interaction effects on localization: Dominance of nonuniversal contributions
• Temperature dependent resistivity of spin-split subbands in GaAs two-dimensional hole systems
• Quantum spin-glass transition in the two-dimensional electron gas
• Disordered electron liquid in double quantum well heterostructures: Renormalization group analysis and dephasing rate
• Ultra-high mobility two-dimensional electron gas in a SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum well
• Thermodynamic properties of correlated fermions in lattices with spin-dependent disorder
• Local interlayer tunneling between two-dimensional electron systems in the ballistic regime
• Localization of non-interacting electrons in thin layered disordered systems
• Elihu Abrahams [wikipedia]

Related

• Metal–insulator transition in two-dimensional electron systems
• From the magnetic-field-driven transitions to the zero-field transition in two-dimensions
• Novel phenomena in dilute electron systems in two dimensions
• Metal-insulator transition in correlated two-dimensional systems with disorder
• Fate of the extended states in a vanishing magnetic field: the role of spins in strongly-interacting 2D electron systems