2025/08/05 by Catherine Hazel Aguilar, David Pires, Cris Q. Cortaga +6 · 1 voice
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · #Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems #Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies #Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
paper · pdf · doi:10.3390/nitrogen6030065
openalex publication_date 2025/08/05 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/22
Legumes are among the most important crops globally, serving as a major food source for protein and oil. In tropical regions, the cultivation of legumes has expanded significantly due to the increasing demand for food, plant-based products, and sustainable agriculture practices. However, tropical environments pose unique challenges, including high temperatures, erratic rainfall, soil infertility, and a high incidence of pests and diseases. Indeed, legumes are vulnerable to infections caused by bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, viruses, and nematodes. This review highlights the importance of legumes in tropical farming and discusses major diseases affecting productivity and their impact on the economy, environment, and lives of smallholder legume farmers. We emphasize the use of legume genetic resources and breeding, and biotechnology innovations to foster resistance and address the challenges posed by pathogens in legumes. However, an integrated approach that includes other cultivation techniques (e.g., crop rotation, rational fertilization, deep plowing) remains important for the prevention and control of diseases in legume crops. Finally, we highlight the contributions of plant genetic resources to smallholder resilience and food security.