2020/12/14 by Bradley W. Weaver, Patricia R. DeLucia · 125 citations
Engineering · Health Professions · Medicine · Psychology · #Applied psychology #Computer science #Engineering #Human factors and ergonomics #Human-Automation Interaction and Safety #Injury prevention #Medical emergency #Medicine #Meta-analysis #Older Adults Driving Studies #Poison control #Psychology #Traffic and Road Safety #Transport engineering
paper · doi:10.1177/0018720820976476
published in Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 64(7), 1227-1260 (SAGE Publishing)
openalex publication_date 2020/12/14 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/30
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to synthesize the experimental research on factors that affect takeover performance during conditionally automated driving. BACKGROUND: For conditionally automated driving, the automated driving system (ADS) can handle the entire dynamic driving task but only for limited domains. When the system reaches a limit, the driver is responsible for taking over vehicle control, which may be affected by how much time they are provided to take over, what they were doing prior to the takeover, or the type of information provided to them during the takeover. METHOD: Out of 8446 articles identified by a systematic literature search, 48 articles containing 51 experiments were included in the meta-analysis. Coded independent variables were time budget, non-driving related task engagement and resource demands, and information support during the takeover. Coded dependent variables were takeover timing and quality measures. RESULTS: Engaging in non-driving related tasks results in degraded takeover performance, particularly if it has overlapping resource demands with the driving task. Weak evidence suggests takeover performance is impaired with shorter time budgets. Current implementations of information support did not affect takeover performance. CONCLUSION: Future research and implementation should focus on providing the driver more time to take over while automation is active and should further explore information support. APPLICATION: The results of the current paper indicate the need for the development and deployment of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) services and driver monitoring.