2019/08/01 by John Barry, J Barry, E. Kennedy +5
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · Veterinary · #Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies #Animal health and immunology #Reproductive Physiology in Livestock
paper · doi:10.7120/09627286.28.3.331
openalex publication_date 2019/08/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/29
Abstract The aim of this study was to develop a welfare assessment protocol using different indicators, for pre-weaned dairy calves, that is feasible and time efficient. To this end, the protocol had to combine animal-based indicators (measurements on physiology, general appearance and behaviour) providing the basis for welfare assessment, with resource-based indicators (measurements on management and the environment) providing the basis for identifying risk factors. Indicators, both animal-and resource-based, were selected by a review of existing literature and a process of expert consultation. Following the formulation phase, the protocol was then applied on five Irish dairy farms to develop further for completeness and on-farm feasibility. After each on-farm application, the protocol was critically evaluated, and modifications were made accordingly. Upon completion of the on-farm application phase, a feasible, reliable and time-efficient protocol was produced.