2009/12/01 by Jitender Bhandal, Laurie L. Head, David A. Francis +3
Medicine · Veterinary · #Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Advances #Veterinary Medicine and Surgery #Veterinary Oncology Research
paper · doi:10.2460/javma.235.11.1326
openalex publication_date 2009/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 13-year-old neutered female Keeshond-cross was evaluated because of a history of melena, anemia, hematemesis, vomiting, and high serum liver enzyme activities over a 1.5-year period. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a hyperechoic mass in the gallbladder. In the gallbladder mass itself, a distinct linear blood flow pattern was detected by use of color flow Doppler ultrasonography. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: A cholecystectomy was performed, and clinical signs resolved. Samples of the mass were examined histologically and immunohistochemically, and findings supported a diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor of the gallbladder. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Tumors of the biliary tree are a potential source of blood loss into the gastrointestinal tract. Color flow Doppler ultrasonography in conjunction with conventional grayscale ultrasonography may be useful in evaluation of the gallbladder in dogs. When echogenic material is detected in the gallbladder, it is important to evaluate the region for blood flow.