2025/01/01 by Wollbold, Jurgen
Physics and Astronomy · #Cosmology and Gravitation Theories #Relativity and Gravitational Theory #Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
paper · doi:10.17605/osf.io/acqnh
This article introduces a major new idea in the Methane–Metric Universe (MMU) framework: the existence of a second fundamental scale of nature, in addition to the traditional Planck scale. In the MMU model, space is built from a repeating tetrahedral elastic cell with three internal directions that represent electric, torsional, and volumetric behavior. The couplings between these directions create three distinct physical channels: electromagnetic, electro–gravimetric, and gravito–torsional. A central result of the paper is the identification of the electro–gravity equilibrium mass, a natural scale where electric compression and gravitational compression become equal. This new mass scale defines its own characteristic length, time, energy, force, and density, forming a complete system of natural units analogous to, but different from, the familiar Planck units. It sits between atomic physics and quantum gravity and describes the regime of extremely dense plasmas, such as those found inside white dwarfs. Together with the well-known Planck scale, which marks the transition where spin behavior and gravity merge, the MMU now provides two fundamental points that bracket all known states of matter. These two scales explain why matter behaves electrically at low densities, electro–gravitationally at white-dwarf densities, and gravito–torsionally inside neutron stars and black holes. This dual-scale structure offers a unified geometric interpretation of atomic spectra, plasma physics, and gravitational collapse, and it leads to concrete predictions for observable transitions across a vast range of energies and densities.