2025/01/01 by Wollbold, Jurgen
Physics and Astronomy · #Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research #Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics #Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect
paper · doi:10.17605/osf.io/sd58q
This paper presents a geometric and elastic explanation of the neutron proton mass difference within the Methane Metauniverse MMU framework. In conventional physics the value of the neutron proton mass gap has no closed analytical derivation. Quantum chromodynamics reproduces it only through heavy numerical simulations. In contrast the MMU model shows that this mass gap emerges naturally as a local electro gravity fixed point inside the tetrahedral cell that represents the proton. In the MMU the proton is described as a three axis chair mode of the internal coordinates w2 w3 and w4. When an electron is drawn into the proton its electric w2 vibration is forced to compress to the much smaller geometric scale of the proton. Because all MMU stiffnesses increase strongly when the internal length scale becomes smaller there is a critical point where the electric stiffness k2 becomes equal to the volumetric stiffness k4. At that local fixed point the w2 mode cannot be compressed further. Instead it rotates into a torsional w3 w4 mode. This rotation is interpreted as the physical mechanism behind neutron formation. A geometric two state mixing model based on the coupling between the proton mode and the compressed electron mode predicts a neutron proton mass gap of about one point two eight six mega electron volts. This agrees with the measured value of one point two nine three mega electron volts to within one percent and does not require any fitted parameters. The result suggests that neutron formation is the first observable electro gravity phase transition in nature. It provides a unified and intuitive geometric explanation for the relation between electric vibrations volumetric inertia and internal torsion within the MMU spacetime model.