Electrochemical Insertion of Sodium into Carbon

1993/12/01 by Marca M. Doeff, Yanping Ma, Steven J. Visco +1 · 507 citations
Chemistry · Engineering · Environmental Science · #Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies #Advancements in Battery Materials #Anode #Carbon fibers #Cathode #Chemical Synthesis and Characterization #Chemical engineering #Chemistry #Coke #Composite material #Electrochemical cell #Electrochemistry #Electrode #Electrolyte #Inorganic chemistry #Materials science #Organic chemistry #Petroleum coke #Sodium

paper · open access · doi:10.1149/1.2221153

published in Journal of The Electrochemical Society 140(12), L169-L170 (Institute of Physics)

openalex publication_date 1993/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05

Abstract

Electrochemical insertion of sodium ions into carbon using solid polymer electrolytes or organic liquid electrolytes is described. Cells with the configuration Na / P ( EO ) 8 NaCF 3 SO 3 / CP ( EO ) = polyethylene oxide ) or Na/liquid electrolyte/C were galvanostatically discharged, charged, and cycled. The extent of insertion into C ( i.e. , x in Na + C x − ) was found to be a strong function of the type and particle size of the carbon used, and the reversibility of the process was highly dependent upon the type of electrolyte used. The possibility of designing a sodium ion rocking chair cell is discussed, and a first‐generation example, using a petroleum coke anode, polymer electrolyte, and sodium cobalt bronze cathode is described.

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