Biases in Dynamic Models with Fixed Effects
1981/11/01 by Stephen Nickell · 1 voice · 8,678 citations
Economics, Econometrics and Finance · Mathematics · #Econometrics #Economic Policies and Impacts #Economic theories and models #Economics #Fixed effects model #Mathematics #Panel data
paper · doi:10.2307/1911408
published in Econometrica 49(6), 1417 (Wiley)
openalex publication_date 1981/11/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
Cited by
- SNAPenrollment cycles: New insights from heterogeneous panel models withcross‐sectionaldependence
- US Food Aid and Civil Conflict
- Monetary policy, investment and firm heterogeneity
- CSR and financial performance: complementarity between environmental, social and business behaviours
- Income inequality and education revisited: persistence, endogeneity and heterogeneity
- Security, Clarity of Responsibility, and Presidential Approval
- Psychopathological networks: Theory, methods and practice
- Associations among threat prediction error, prediction change, and anxiety during an exposure therapy analogue in adults with healthy to clinical social anxiety
- The Impact of Information Frictions Within Regulators: Evidence from Workplace Safety Violations
- Local Projections
- The global economic burden of violent conflict
- Inequality, elections, and communal riots in India
- Democracy Does Cause Growth
- The Uneven Effect of Airbnb on the Housing Market: Evidence Across and Within Italian Cities
- Bureaucratic Packing in the Brazilian Amazon: How Political Competition Drives Deforestation
- What Do We Learn from the Weather? The New Climate-Economy Literature
- Building Nations through Shared Experiences: Evidence from African Football
- Getting beyond carry trade: What makes a safe haven currency?
- Temperature and Growth: A Panel Analysis of the United States
- Price Index Convergence Among United States Cities*
- Using and Interpreting Fixed Effects Models
- Exceptional exporter performance: cause, effect, or both?
- Do International Human Rights Treaties Improve Respect for Human Rights?
- Organized Crime and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence From Criminal Groups in Mexico
- Unbiased Estimation of the Half‐Life to Price Index Convergence among U.S. Cities
- The Robust Relationship between Taxes and U.S. State Income Growth
- MEASURING THE FINANCIAL SHOCKS OF NATURAL DISASTERS
- Management Economics in a Large Retail Company
- Neighborhood change and transit ridership: Evidence from Los Angeles and Orange Counties
- Productivity Growth and Convergence in Agriculture versus Manufacturing
- Structural reforms and income distribution: new evidence for OECD countries
- Unconditional Convergence in Manufacturing*
- How Much Should We Trust Differences-In-Differences Estimates?
- Split-panel Jackknife Estimation of Fixed-effect Models
- The Effect Of Immigration On Productivity: Evidence From U.S. States
- The Effect of State and Local Taxes on Economic Growth: A Time Series--Cross Section Approach
- Electric Power Reliability and Local Housing Prices in the United States
- Extreme Weather Events and Agricultural Total Factor Productivity Growth
- Broadband Internet: An Information Superhighway to Sex Crime?
- Technological innovation and inequality in health
- How to Deal With Reverse Causality Using Panel Data? Recommendations for Researchers Based on a Simulation Study
- Appropriate intellectual property protection and economic growth in countries at different levels of development
- Economic Voting in Brazil’s Gubernatorial Elections, 1994–2014
- Job creation and housing construction: Constraints on metropolitan area employment growth
- U.S. metropolitan house price dynamics
- Long-term macroeconomic effects of climate change: A cross-country analysis
- Assessing the synergistic effects of artificial intelligence on pollutant and carbon emission mitigation in China
- Estimating effects within nonlinear autoregressive models: a case study on the impact of child access prevention laws on firearm mortality
- Fixed Effects Binary Choice Models: Estimation and Inference with Long Panels
- Who benefits from the social democratic march to the middle?
- Daily dyadic coping: Associations with postpartum sexual desire and sexual and relationship satisfaction
- Causal models for longitudinal and panel data: a survey
- Poverty, the Coup Trap, and the Seizure of Executive Power
- Simple formulas for standard errors that cluster by both firm and time
- Quantiles via moments
- Behavioral Economics of Accounting: A Review of Archival Research on Individual Decision Makers*
- Commodification and Social Reproduction: Theory and Mixed-Method Evidence on the Effect of Privatization on Childbearing
- Reconsidering the Relationship between CBI and FIX
- Foreign Labor and Dutch Disease: Evidence from GCC economies
- Regional government institutions and the capacity for women to reconcile career and motherhood
- Short-term financial constraints and SMEs’ investment decision: evidence from the working capital channel
- PUBLIC R&D POLICIES AND PRIVATE R&D INVESTMENT: A SURVEY OF THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
- The effects of capital grants to subnational governments under fiscal stress: evidence from the Spanish regions
- Impact of economic, financial, and institutional factors on CO2 emissions: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa economies
- Effects of the internet, mobile, and land phones on income inequality and The Kuznets curve: Cross country analysis
- Finding Your Crowd: The Role of Government Level and Charity Type in Revenue Crowd-Out
- Identifying Latent Structures in Maternal Employment: Evidence on the German Parental Benefit Reform
- Photovoltaics and the Solar Rebound
- Operational and environmental efficiency of U.S. oil and gas companies towards energy transition policies: A comparative empirical analysis
- China's Impact on Africa – The Role of Trade, FDI and Aid
- Same same but different: Threat expectancy change and fear reduction as readouts of exposure rationales are only weakly associated and contribute differentially to treatment outcome in anxiety disorders
- Estimating long-run relationships from dynamic heterogeneous panels
- Dynamic panels with threshold effect and endogeneity
- Empirical Evidence on the Effects of Tax Incentives
- The electoral effect of pork barrel politics: evidence from England
- Guns versus Climate: How Militarization Amplifies the Effect of Economic Growth on Carbon Emissions
- Overreaction in Macroeconomic Expectations
- Dimensions of disagreement in EU affairs: is parliamentary opposition driven by left-right or European integration contestation?
- Unmitigated disasters? Risk sharing and macroeconomic recovery in a large international panel
- Does a Carbon Tax Reduce CO2 Emissions? Evidence from British Columbia
- Network Position Affects Social Status in Early Adolescence
- Daily and longitudinal associations between relationship catastrophizing and sexual well-being in the postpartum period
- The ‘odd–even effect’: The link between the number of parties and district magnitude
- Relative price variability and inflation: New evidence
- Nickell bias in panel local projection: Financial crises are worse than you think
- Fixed Effects Individual Slopes: Accounting and Testing for Heterogeneous Effects in Panel Data or Other Multilevel Models
- Does a Carbon Tax Reduce CO <sub>2</sub> Emissions? Evidence From British Columbia
- The Drug Crisis and Voting Behavior
- Hope and the Life Course: Results From a Longitudinal Study of 25,000 Adults
- How social media users adopt the toxic behaviors of ingroup and outgroup accounts
- Persisting Anxiety: The Duration of Emotions during the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Assessed by a Teacher Like Me: Race and Teacher Assessments
- The effect of past successes on the probability of a current success: evidence from a natural experiment
- Social Exchange and the Effects of Employee Stock Options
- Collective Bargaining and Public-Sector Wage Setting
- In the Shadows of Great Men: Retired Leaders and Informal Power Constraints in Autocracies
- Labor Market Policy as Immigration Control: The Case of Temporary Protected Status
- What drives post-acquisition farm growth? Empirical evidence from Ukraine
- Do Voluntary Programs Reduce Pollution? ExaminingISO14001's Effectiveness across Countries
- Economic growth and broadband access: The European urban-rural digital divide
- Financialization and the non‐financial corporation: An investigation of firm‐level investment behavior in the United States
- An examination of the dynamic behaviour of local governments using GMM bootstrapping methods
- Demand price elasticity of mobile voice communication: A comparative firm level data analysis
- Determinants of Anti‐Trafficking Policies: Evidence from a New Index
- Growth effects of economic integration. The case of the EU Member States (1950-2000).
- Panel Data Analysis with Heterogeneous Dynamics
- Look up and ahead: How climate scenarios affect European sovereign credit risk
- Expand or avoid: Microfinance credit risk and climate vulnerability
- Economic policy uncertainty and institutional portfolio investment
- A bracketing relationship between difference-in-differences and lagged-dependent-variable adjustment
- Regulation and Investment in Next Generation Access Networks:Recent Evidence from the European Member States
- Do fiscal rules need budget transparency to be effective?
- Foreign education, gender legal rights, and economic freedom
- Working capital management policy in health care: The effect of leverage
- On the road: Access to transportation infrastructure and economic growth in China
- Are Student Absences Worth the Worry in U.S. Primary Schools?
- Extreme temperatures and the profitability of large European firms
- Spillovers of US interest rates: Monetary policy & information effects
- The effectiveness of tax incentives in attracting investment: panel data evidence from the CFA Franc zone
- Institutional variables and power firms’ productivity: Micro panel estimation with time-invariant variables
- Fixed Effects, Lagged Dependent Variables, and Bracketing: Cautionary Remarks
- Identification robust inference for moments based analysis of linear dynamic panel data models
- Dynamic gravity: endogenous country size and asset accumulation
- Intangible resources, Tobin’s q, and sustainability of performance differences
- Hidden Gems: Do market participants respond to performance expectations revealed in compensation disclosures?
- Online to Offline: The Impact of Social Media on Offline Sales in the Automobile Industry
- On the Practice of Lagging Variables to Avoid Simultaneity
- Does Fiscal Consolidation Really Get You Down? Evidence from Suicide Mortality
- Naturally negative: The growth effects of natural disasters
- IS ECONOMIC RECOVERY A MYTH? ROBUST ESTIMATION OF IMPULSE RESPONSES
- Corruption and Political Stability: Does the Youth Bulge Matter?
- Democracy, elections and allocation of public expenditures in developing countries
- Sub-national deficits in European countries: The impact of fiscal rules and tax autonomy
- Effect of Foreign Direct Investments on Industrialisation: The Case of China in Africa
- Workplace autonomy and mental health
- Natural disasters and economic dynamism: Evidence from U.S. entrepreneurial activity
- The Association of Opening K-12 Schools with the Spread of COVID-19 in the United States: County-Level Panel Data Analysis
- The Africa-Dummy: Gone with the Millennium?
- A Varying Coefficient Model for Assessing the Returns to Growth to Account for Poverty and Inequality
- Do R&D Subsidies Stimulate or Displace Private R&D? Evidence from Israel
- Does globalization affect growth? Evidence from a new index of globalization
- Why has the investment-cash flow sensitivity declined so sharply? Rising R&D and equity market developments
- Cash flow, investment, and investment opportunities: New tests using UK panel data
- The great escape? The contribution of the empire to Portugal's economic growth, 1500–1800
- The Chief Marketing Officer Matters!
- The Use of Instrumental Variables in Peer Effects Models
- Grouped Patterns of Heterogeneity in Panel Data
- When Credit Bites Back: Leverage, Business Cycles, and Crises
- The Effect of Austerity Packages on Government Popularity During the Great Recession
- Does Median Voter Income Matter? The Effects of Inequality and Turnout on Government Spending
- Trends in Income Inequality and its Impact on Economic Growth
- Growth Effects of Economic Integration: Evidence from the EU Member States
- Fertility, Female Labor Force Participation, and the Demographic Dividend
- The Grecian horse: does immigration lead to the deterioration of American institutions?
- Generalized least squares inference in panel and multilevel models with serial correlation and fixed effects
- Chapter 22 Panel data
- Enhancing the Financial Returns of R&D Investments through Operations Management
- Has Global Trade Competition Really Led to a Race to the Bottom in Labor Standards?
- Democracy Does Cause Growth
- Redistribution, inequality, and growth: new evidence
- Openness and growth: A time-series, cross-country analysis for developing countries
- Curse or Cure? Migrant Remittances and Corruption
- Emigration and democracy
- Natural Disasters and Poverty Reduction: Do Remittances Matter?
- Counting Chickens when they Hatch: Timing and the Effects of Aid on Growth
- Aid as a Tool against Insurgency: Evidence from Contested and Controlled Territory in Afghanistan
- Democracy, Redistribution and Inequality
- The Rise and Decline of General Laws of Capitalism
- Does Conflict Reshape the Military– FDI Nexus? Evidence From a Dynamic Panel Analysis
- Political Institutions, Economic Liberty, and the Great Divergence
- Research Productivity and Africa's Productive Capacity: The Moderating Role of Government Education Expenditure
- THIS SHOCK IS DIFFERENT: ESTIMATION AND INFERENCE IN MISSPECIFIED TWO-WAY FIXED EFFECTS PANEL REGRESSIONS
- Surprised by the Hot Hand Fallacy? A Truth in the Law of Small Numbers
- Spotlight on the neighborhood: The spillover effect of IPOs on retail investor attention
- The social and economic determinants of suicide in Canadian provinces. [europepmc]
- Uncertain impacts on economic growth when stabilizing global temperatures at 1.5°C or 2°C warming. [europepmc]
- The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Environment Degradation: Evidence from Emerging Markets in Asia. [europepmc]
- The temporal dynamics of symptoms during exposure therapies of PTSD: a network approach. [europepmc]
- A Causal Analysis of Life Expectancy at Birth. Evidence from Spain. [europepmc]
- Association Between Current and Future Annual Hospital Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Mortality Rates. [europepmc]
- No deterioration in health-related quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis followed for 5 years in ordinary outpatient clinics in the biological treatment era. [europepmc]
- Predicting recurrence of depression using lifelog data: an explanatory feasibility study with a panel VAR approach. [europepmc]
- Do therapist effects really impact estimates of within-patient mechanisms of change? A Monte Carlo simulation study. [europepmc]
- Effect of Trade Openness on Food Security in the EU: A Dynamic Panel Analysis. [europepmc]
- The effects of tobacco taxation and pricing on the prevalence of smoking in Africa. [europepmc]
- Closed for business: The mortality impact of business closures during the Covid-19 pandemic. [europepmc]
- The role of affect in chronic pain: A systematic review of within-person symptom dynamics. [europepmc]
- Using Time-Lagged Panel Data Analysis to Study Mechanisms of Change in Psychotherapy Research: Methodological Recommendations. [europepmc]
- Firearm purchasing and firearm violence during the coronavirus pandemic in the United States: a cross-sectional study. [europepmc]
- Daily steps and healthcare costs in Japanese communities. [europepmc]
- Quantification of the effects of climatic conditions on French hospital admissions and deaths induced by SARS-CoV-2. [europepmc]
- The Effects of School Closures on COVID-19: A Cross-Country Panel Analysis. [europepmc]
- Impact of Trade Openness on Food Security: Evidence from Panel Data for Central Asian Countries. [europepmc]
- Dynamic structural equation modelling evaluating the progressively lowered stress threshold as an explanation for behavioural symptoms of dementia. [europepmc]
- Inequality between identity groups and social unrest. [europepmc]
- In trust we trust: The impact of trust in government on excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. [europepmc]
- How to model and interpret cross-lagged effects in psychotherapy mechanisms of change research: A comparison of multilevel and structural equation models. [europepmc]
- Does military expenditure crowd out health-care spending? Cross-country empirics. [europepmc]
- Skewness and Staging: Does the Floor Effect Induce Bias in Multilevel AR(1) Models? [europepmc]
Discussions