2023/12/13 by Peyraud, Jean-Louis, Delaby, Luc, Dourmad, Jean-Yves +3
#0 #Azote #Effluents d'élevage #Légumineuse #Nouvelle organisation #Prairie
paper · doi:10.17180/kmq2-gp41
Agricultural systems became more and more intensified, specialised and concentrated within territories which are themselves strongly specialised. This evolution was economically sound in periods of low price for energy whereas the environmental challenges were largely ignored. Today, these territories must tackle the degradation of their ecosystems with a marked degradation of the quality of water, air, soils and the impoverishment of the biodiversity. In particular, the decoupling between animal and farmland leads to important reactive nitrogen emissions. Conservation-oriented mixed farming systems offer opportunities to increase the efficiency of N utilization within the agro systems by optimising ecological interactions and recycling of elements and by improving utilisation of renewable resources. This paper studies the possibilities of developing innovative mixed farming systems which makes it possible to reduce utilisation of mineral fertiliser by the widespread use of legumes and the recycling of animal wastes and to preserve nitrogen within the system by the choice of rotations including pastures or other forage crops. These complementarities between livestock and crop productions must be sought at various levels of organisation from the individual farm to neighbour farms collaborations, larger territories or even at the national scale.