TIMER: A Web Server for Comprehensive Analysis of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells

2017/10/31 by Taiwen Li, Jing‐Yu Fan, Jingyu Fan +6 · 6,639 citations
Immunology and Microbiology · Medicine · #CAR-T cell therapy research #Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers #Computer science #Immune system #Immunology #Immunotherapy and Immune Responses #Medicine #Operating system #Timer #World Wide Web

paper · pdf · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0307

published in Cancer Research 77(21), e108-e110 (American Association for Cancer Research)

openalex publication_date 2017/10/31 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05

Abstract

Abstract Recent clinical successes of cancer immunotherapy necessitate the investigation of the interaction between malignant cells and the host immune system. However, elucidation of complex tumor–immune interactions presents major computational and experimental challenges. Here, we present Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER; cistrome.shinyapps.io/timer) to comprehensively investigate molecular characterization of tumor–immune interactions. Levels of six tumor-infiltrating immune subsets are precalculated for 10,897 tumors from 32 cancer types. TIMER provides 6 major analytic modules that allow users to interactively explore the associations between immune infiltrates and a wide spectrum of factors, including gene expression, clinical outcomes, somatic mutations, and somatic copy number alterations. TIMER provides a user-friendly web interface for dynamic analysis and visualization of these associations, which will be of broad utilities to cancer researchers. Cancer Res; 77(21); e108–10. ©2017 AACR.

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