Expression of Concern: Carrageenan‐induced mouse paw oedema is biphasic, age‐weight dependent and displays differential nitric oxide cyclooxygenase‐2 expression
2004/05/01 by Inmaculada Posadas, Mariarosaria Bucci, Fiorentina Roviezzo +4 · 26 citations
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Chemistry · Medicine · #Biochemistry #Carrageenan #Chemistry #Cyclooxygenase #Endocrinology #Enos #Enzyme #Internal medicine #Marine Sponges and Natural Products #Medicine #Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III #Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects #Nitric oxide #Nitric oxide synthase #Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
paper · pdf · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705650
openalex publication_date 2004/05/01 · openalex created_date 2016/06/24 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/26
Abstract
Injection of carrageenan 1% (50 microl) in the mouse paw causes a biphasic response: an early inflammatory response that lasts 6 h and a second late response that peaks at 72 h, declining at 96 h. Only mice 7- or 8-week old, weighing 32-34 g, displayed a consistent response in both phases. In 8-week-old mice, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels are significantly elevated in the early phase at 6 h and reach their maximum at 24 h to decline to basal value at 48 h. Nitrate+nitrite (NO(x)) levels in the paw are maximal after 2 h and slowly decline thereafter in contrast to prostaglandin E(2) levels that peak in the second phase at the 72 h point. Western blot analysis showed that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is detectable at 6 h and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) at 24 h point, respectively. Analysis of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), iNOS and COX-2 expression at 6 and 24 h in 3-8-week-old mice demonstrated that both eNOS and iNOS expressions are dependent upon the age-weight of mice, as opposite to COX-2 that is present only in the second phase of the oedema and is not linked to mouse age-weight. Subplantar injection of carrageenan to C57BL/6J causes a biphasic oedema that is significantly reduced by about 20% when compared to CD1 mice. Interestingly, in these mice, iNOS expression is absent up to 6 h, as opposite to CD1, and becomes detectable at the 24 h point. Cyclooxygenase (COX-1) expression is upregulated between 4 and 24 h after carrageenan injection, whereas in CD1 mice COX-1 remains unchanged after irritant agent injection. MPO levels are maximal at the 24 h point and they are significantly lower, at 6 h point, than MPO levels detected in CD1 mice. In conclusion, mouse paw oedema is biphasic and age-weight dependent. The present results are the first report on the differential expressions of eNOS, iNOS, COX-1 and COX-2 in response to carrageenan injection in the two phases of the mouse paw oedema.
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