2018/04/28 by Yuki Norizoe, Norizoe, Yuki, Toshihiro Kawakatsu +1
Chemistry · Engineering · Physics and Astronomy · #Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics #Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure #FOS: Physical sciences #Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics #Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) #Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1805.05407
openalex publication_date 2018/04/28 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
We present an example counter to the widely-accepted concept on equilibrium states that "Any thermodynamic equilibrium state of two component systems is determined by specifying 4 thermodynamic variables that include at least 1 extensive variable." which is equivalent to Gibbs' phase rule. We demonstrate this fact by thought experiments on an A/B binary mixture where temperature, pressure and chemical potential of the A-species are chosen as the 3 intensive variables while the number of B-molecules is chosen as the 1 extensive variable. Our findings also apply to M (>2)-component systems.