Violin Plots: A Box Plot-Density Trace Synergism
1998/05/01 by Jerry L. Hintze, Ray D. Nelson · 1,612 citations
Computer Science · Mathematics · #Advanced Statistical Methods and Models #Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models #Box plot #Computer science #Mathematics #Plot (graphics) #Scatter plot #Split plot #Statistical Methods and Inference #Statistical analysis #Statistics #TRACE (psycholinguistics)
paper · doi:10.1080/00031305.1998.10480559
published in The American Statistician 52(2), 181-184 (Taylor & Francis)
openalex publication_date 1998/05/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/02
Abstract
Many modifications build on Tukey's original box plot. A proposed further adaptation, the violin plot, pools the best statistical features of alternative graphical representations of batches of data. It adds the information available from local density estimates to the basic summary statistics inherent in box plots. This marriage of summary statistics and density shape into a single plot provides a useful tool for data analysis and exploration.
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