Relaxing the Rule of Ten Events per Variable in Logistic and Cox Regression

2006/12/21 by E. Vittinghoff, Eric Vittinghoff, C. E. McCulloch +1 · 4,236 citations
Engineering · Mathematics · Medicine · #Advanced Causal Inference Techniques #Confidence interval #Confounding #Econometrics #Engineering #Logistic regression #Mathematics #Medicine #Range (aeronautics) #Regression #Regression analysis #Rule of thumb #Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference #Statistical Methods and Inference #Statistics #Type I and type II errors #Variable (mathematics) #Variables

paper · doi:10.1093/aje/kwk052

published in American Journal of Epidemiology 165(6), 710-718 (Oxford University Press)

openalex publication_date 2006/12/21 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05

Abstract

The rule of thumb that logistic and Cox models should be used with a minimum of 10 outcome events per predictor variable (EPV), based on two simulation studies, may be too conservative. The authors conducted a large simulation study of other influences on confidence interval coverage, type I error, relative bias, and other model performance measures. They found a range of circumstances in which coverage and bias were within acceptable levels despite less than 10 EPV, as well as other factors that were as influential as or more influential than EPV. They conclude that this rule can be relaxed, in particular for sensitivity analyses undertaken to demonstrate adequate control of confounding.

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