2021/07/07 by Joakim Bjørk, Karl Henrik Johansson, Björk, Joakim +3 · 1 citation
Engineering · Energy · #Microgrid Control and Optimization #Frequency Control in Power Systems #Power Systems and Renewable Energy
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2107.03087
To ensure frequency stability in future low-inertia power grids, fast\nancillary services such as fast frequency reserves (FFR) have been proposed. In\nthis work, the coordination of conventional (slow) frequency containment\nreserves (FCR) with FFR is treated as a decentralized model matching problem.\nThe design results in a dynamic virtual power plant (DVPP) whose aggregated\noutput fulfills the system operator (SO) requirements in all time scales, while\naccounting for the capacity and bandwidth limitation of participating devices.\nThis is illustrated in a 5-machine representation of the Nordic synchronous\ngrid. In the Nordic grid, stability issues and bandwidth limitations associated\nwith non-minimum phase zeros of hydropower is a well-known problem. By\nsimulating the disconnection of a 1400 MW importing dc link, it is shown that\nthe proposed DVPP design allows for coordinating fast FFR from wind, with slow\nFCR from hydro, while respecting dynamic limitations of all participating\ndevices. The SO requirements are fulfilled in a realistic low-inertia scenario\nwithout the need to install battery storage or to waste wind energy by\ncurtailing the wind turbines.\n