Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Structure, Properties, and Band Gap Engineering
2009/10/14 by Andrew M. Smith, Shuming Nie · 1,912 citations
Engineering · Materials Science · #Band gap #Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films #Charge carrier #Materials science #Multiple exciton generation #Nanocrystal #Nanotechnology #Nanowire Synthesis and Applications #Optoelectronics #Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties #Quantum dot #Semiconductor
paper · open access · doi:10.1021/ar9001069
published in Accounts of Chemical Research 43(2), 190-200 (American Chemical Society)
openalex publication_date 2009/10/14 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04
Abstract
Semiconductor nanocrystals are tiny light-emitting particles on the nanometer scale. Researchers have studied these particles intensely and have developed them for broad applications in solar energy conversion, optoelectronic devices, molecular and cellular imaging, and ultrasensitive detection. A major feature of semiconductor nanocrystals is the quantum confinement effect, which leads to spatial enclosure of the electronic charge carriers within the nanocrystal. Because of this effect, researchers can use the size and shape of these "artificial atoms" to widely and precisely tune the energy of discrete electronic energy states and optical transitions. As a result, researchers can tune the light emission from these particles throughout the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared spectral ranges. These particles also span the transition between small molecules and bulk crystals, instilling novel optical properties such as carrier multiplication, single-particle blinking, and spectral diffusion. In addition, semiconductor nanocrystals provide a versatile building block for developing complex nanostructures such as superlattices and multimodal agents for molecular imaging and targeted therapy. In this Account, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the atomic structure and optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals. We also discuss new strategies for band gap and electronic wave function engineering to control the location of charge carriers. New methodologies such as alloying, doping, strain-tuning, and band-edge warping will likely play key roles in the further development of these particles for optoelectronic and biomedical applications.
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