Othello is Solved
2023/10/30 by Hiroki Takizawa, Takizawa, Hiroki · 17 voices · 3 citations
Computer Science · Mathematics · Psychology · #Artificial Intelligence in Games #Artificial intelligence #Combinatorial game theory #Computer science #Educational Games and Gamification #Game Developer #Game design #Game design document #Game programming #Game theory #History #Mathematical economics #Mathematics #Metagaming #Milestone #Mistake #Outcome (game theory) #Political science #Power (physics) #Programming language #Sequential game #Simultaneous game #Software #Teaching and Learning Programming #Video game design #cs.AI
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2310.19387
openalex publication_date 2023/10/30 · openalex created_date 2023/11/01 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Abstract
The game of Othello is one of the world's most complex and popular games that has yet to be computationally solved. Othello has roughly ten octodecillion (10 to the 58th power) possible game records and ten octillion (10 to the 28th power) possible game positions. The challenge of solving Othello, determining the outcome of a game with no mistake made by either player, has long been a grand challenge in computer science. This paper announces a significant milestone: Othello is now solved. It is computationally proved that perfect play by both players lead to a draw. Strong Othello software has long been built using heuristically designed search techniques. Solving a game provides a solution that enables the software to play the game perfectly.
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Discussions
- Othello Is Solved? [hn, 607 points, 268 comments]
- Othello is Solved [lobsters, 32 points, 5 comments]
- これマジ!?8x8オセロがついに解かれて双方最善手の結果は引き分けと。著者はPFN所属。 arxiv.org/abs/2310.19387 [bsky, 10 points, 1 comments]
- Othello/Reversi has been solved, with perfect play leading to a draw. Details: arxiv.org/pdf/2310.193... Now you can spend your lifetime mastering something else! BGG game page: boardgamegeek.com/bo [bsky, 9 points, 0 comments]
- オセロ終了のお知らせ arxiv.org/abs/2310.19387 [bsky, 3 points, 0 comments]
- arxiv.org/abs/2310.19387 [bsky, 2 points, 1 comments]
- オセロってまだ解かれてなかったの？素人目には将棋、囲碁の方が難しそうだけど… arxiv.org/abs/2310.19387 [bsky, 1 points, 1 comments]
- Who wins in a perfectly played game of Othello? Nobody. Paper by Hiroki Takizawa arxiv.org/abs/2310.1... Blog post blog.computationalco... Perfect Play: [bsky, 1 points, 0 comments]
- arxiv.org/abs/2310.19387 [bsky, 0 points, 0 comments]
- オセロ、互いに理論値行動し続けると引き分けになることが証明されたらしい / "Othello is Solved " https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.19387 [bsky, 0 points, 0 comments]
- 8x8 盤のオセロは後手有利と言われていたが（正しく打てば）引き分けになることが証明されたっぽい。4x4 と 6x6 は後手必勝だったので意外な結果 : Othello is Solved arxiv.org/abs/2310.19387 [bsky, 0 points, 0 comments]
- The boardgame othello is solved. arxiv.org/abs/2310.19387 [bsky, 0 points, 0 comments]
- 🌐オセロは解けた？ https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.19387 via Hacker News [bsky, 0 points, 0 comments]
- Othello is (weakly) solved? Whoa ... arxiv.org/abs/2310.19387 Any opinions on the "validity" of the algorithm? [bsky, 0 points, 0 comments]
- If Go and chess can be won by computers, playing Othello perfectly is trivial. https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.19387 [bsky, 0 points, 0 comments]
- オセロってまだ解かれてなかったんだ．最善手を撃ち続けるとドローになるのか > arxiv.org/abs/2310.19387 [bsky, 0 points, 1 comments]
- えっ、オセロの結論が突き止められた? アブストラクトによると、先手後手ともに最善を尽くしたときに引き分けになることを示したという。 これは私の「死ぬまでに判明してほしいこと」の1つだった。家に帰ったら中身を読んでみよう。 6×6のオセロの結論は白(後手)の4石勝ちであることが示されていたので、普通のオセロ(8×8)も後手勝ちなのかなとなんとなく思っていたが、「引き分けと予想されている」という話も聞 [bsky, 0 points, 1 comments]
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