Review on the science and technology of water desalination by capacitive deionization

2013/04/04 by S. Porada, Ruifeng Zhao, R. Zhao +6 · 2,133 citations
Chemistry · Engineering · Environmental Science · #Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies #Brackish water #Capacitive deionization #Capacitive sensing #Chemical engineering #Chemistry #Composite material #Desalination #Electrical engineering #Electrode #Energy storage #Engineering #Ion #Materials science #Membrane #Membrane Separation Technologies #Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques #Nanotechnology #Porosity #Process engineering #Range (aeronautics)

paper · pdf · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2013.03.005

published in Progress in Materials Science 58(8), 1388-1442 (Elsevier BV)

openalex publication_date 2013/04/04 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/06

Abstract

Porous carbon electrodes have significant potential for energy-efficient water desalination using a promising technology called Capacitive Deionization (CDI). In CDI, salt ions are removed from brackish water upon applying an electrical voltage difference between two porous electrodes, in which the ions will be temporarily immobilized. These electrodes are made of porous carbons optimized for salt storage capacity and ion and electron transport. We review the science and technology of CDI and describe the range of possible electrode materials and the various approaches to the testing of materials and devices. We summarize the range of options for CDI-designs and possible operational modes, and describe the various theoretical–conceptual approaches to understand the phenomenon of CDI.

Citations

• Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (Recommendations 1984)
• Phenomenological Theory of Ion Solvation. Effective Radii of Hydrated Ions

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• Equivalent circuit model for electrosorption with redox active materials
• Water Purification by Shock Electrodialysis: Deionization, Filtration, Separation, and Disinfection
• A systematic Monte Carlo simulation study of the primitive model planar electrical double layer over an extended range of concentrations, electrode charges, cation diameters and valences

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