2022/01/27 by Amy S. Shah, Kristen J. Nadeau, Dana Dabelea +2 · 1 citation
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Medicine · #Diabetes and associated disorders #Pancreatic function and diabetes #Diabetes Management and Research
paper · pdf · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-042120-012033
Several factors, including genetics, family history, diet, physical activity, obesity, and insulin resistance in puberty, appear to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in youth. Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is often thought of as a single entity but rather exists as a spectrum of disease with differences in presentation, metabolic characteristics, clinical progression, and complication rates. We review what is currently known regarding the risks associated with developing type 2 diabetes in youth. Additionally, we focus on the spectrum of phenotypes of pediatric type 2 diabetes, discuss the pathogenic underpinnings and potential therapeutic relevance of this heterogeneity, and compare youth-onset type 2 diabetes with type 1 diabetes and adult-onset type 2 diabetes. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps in prediction and prevention of youth-onset type 2 diabetes.