Regulation Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways of Autophagy

2009/08/04 by Congcong He, Daniel J. Klionsky · 17 citations
Medicine · Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Autophagy in Disease and Therapy #Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Disease #Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism

paper · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910

Abstract

Autophagy is a process of self-degradation of cellular components in which double-membrane autophagosomes sequester organelles or portions of cytosol and fuse with lysosomes or vacuoles for breakdown by resident hydrolases. Autophagy is upregulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation, ER stress, and pathogen infection. Defective autophagy plays a significant role in human pathologies, including cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious diseases. We present our current knowledge on the key genes composing the autophagy machinery in eukaryotes from yeast to mammalian cells and the signaling pathways that sense the status of different types of stress and induce autophagy for cell survival and homeostasis. We also review the recent advances on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the autophagy machinery at various levels, from transcriptional activation to post-translational protein modification.

Citations

• Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy

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