Integrated Sensing and Communications Over the Years: An Evolution Perspective
2025/04/09 by Di Zhang, Yuanhao Cui, Zhang, Di +23 · 11 citations
Engineering · #Advanced Photonic Communication Systems #Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies #Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution #FOS: Electrical engineering #Focus (optics) #Key (lock) #Optical Wireless Communication Technologies #Perspective (graphical) #Signal Processing (eess.SP) #Software deployment #Standardization #System integration #Wireless #electronic engineering #information engineering
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2504.06830
published in arXiv (Cornell University) (Cornell University)
openalex publication_date 2025/04/09 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/06
Abstract
Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) enables efficient spectrum utilization and reduces hardware costs for beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G networks, facilitating intelligent applications that require both high-performance communication and precise sensing capabilities. This survey provides a comprehensive review of the evolution of ISAC over the years. We examine the expansion of the spectrum across RF and optical ISAC, highlighting the role of advanced technologies, along with key challenges and synergies. We further discuss the advancements in network architecture from single-cell to multi-cell systems, emphasizing the integration of collaborative sensing and interference mitigation strategies. Moreover, we analyze the progress from single-modal to multi-modal sensing, with a focus on the integration of edge intelligence to enable real-time data processing, reduce latency, and enhance decision-making. Finally, we extensively review standardization efforts by 3GPP, IEEE, and ITU, examining the transition of ISAC-related technologies and their implications for the deployment of 6G networks.
Citations
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