2023/09/28 by Svenja Schäfer, Isabella Rebasso, Ming M. Boyer +1 · 1 voice · 23 citations
Computer Science · Psychology · Social Sciences · #Computer science #Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) #Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection #Perception #Political science #Psychology #Social Media and Politics #Social and Intergroup Psychology #Social distance #Social media #Social psychology #Speech perception #Transgender #Variety (cybernetics)
paper · doi:10.1177/00936502231201091
published in Communication Research 51(5), 553-579 (SAGE Publishing)
openalex publication_date 2023/09/28 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/06/23
Hate speech can increase stereotyped thinking and social distancing in a society. However, there is still a lack of variety in the social groups under study and research into possible solutions to the problem. Thus, our aim is to (1) study effects of hate speech against Chinese people and transgender people and (2) to investigate if counter speech can offset the detrimental effects of hate speech. We conducted a pre-registered online experiment with a 2 × 3 between-subject design, varying the attacked group (Chinese people/transgender people) and the type of comments (neutral/hate speech/hate speech and counter speech) for an Austrian sample ( n = 1285). Findings reveal no effect of hate speech on the dependent variables, indicating that citizens might not be as vulnerable to hate speech after all. However, counter speech has a polarizing effect: attitudinal gaps and differences for social distancing increase between left-wing and right-wing participants if hate speech is countered.