2023/06/05 by Florian Arendt · 1 voice · 35 citations
Arts and Humanities · Psychology · Social Sciences · #Affect (linguistics) #Communication #Computer science #Media Influence and Health #Operationalization #Perspective (graphical) #Preference #Prejudice (legal term) #Psychology #Reinforcement #Social Media and Politics #Social and Intergroup Psychology #Social psychology #Stereotype (UML)
paper · pdf · doi:10.1093/joc/jqad019
published in Journal of Communication 73(5), 463-475 (Oxford University Press)
openalex publication_date 2023/06/05 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04
Abstract The media portray various social groups stereotypically, and studying the effects of these portrayals on prejudice is paramount. Yet, audience selectivity—inherent within today’s high-choice media environments—has largely been disregarded. Relatedly, the predominance of forced-exposure designs is a source of concern. This article proposes the integration of audience selectivity into media stereotype effects research. Study 1 (N = 1,166) indicated that prejudiced individuals tended to approach prejudice-consistent stereotypical news and avoid prejudice-challenging counter-stereotypical news. Using a forced-exposure experiment, study 2 (N = 380) showed detrimental effects of prejudice-consistent news and beneficial effects of prejudice-challenging news. Relying on a self-selected exposure paradigm, study 3 (N = 1,149) provided evidence for preference-based reinforcement. Study 4’s “net-effect perspective” (N = 937) indicated that operationalizing exposure as forced or self-selected can lead to different interpretations of actual societal effects. The findings emphasize the key role played by audience selectivity when studying media effects.