2023/08/05 by Jean‐Philippe Bouchaud, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, Bouchaud, Jean-Philippe · 1 voice · 1 citation
Economics, Econometrics and Finance · Physics and Astronomy · #Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis #FOS: Economics and business #FOS: Physical sciences #General Economics (econ.GN) #Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence #Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph) #Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech) #cond-mat.stat-mech #econ.GN #physics.soc-ph
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2308.02895
openalex publication_date 2023/08/05 · arxiv published 2023/08/05 · arxiv updated 2023/08/05 · openalex created_date 2023/08/09 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
This is the English version of my inaugural lecture at Collège de France in 2021, available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bxktplKMhKU. I reflect on the difficulty of multi-disciplinary research, which often hinges of unexpected epistemological and methodological differences, for example about the scientific status of models. What is the purpose of a model? What are we ultimately trying to establish: rigorous theorems or ad-hoc calculation recipes; absolute truth, or heuristic representations of the world? I argue that the main contribution of statistical physics to social and economic sciences is to make us realise that unexpected behaviour can emerge at the aggregate level, that isolated individuals would never experience. Crises, panics, opinion reversals, the spread of rumours or beliefs, fashion effects and the zeitgeist, but also the existence of money, lasting institutions, social norms and stable societies, must be understood in terms of collective belief and/or trust, self-sustained by interactions, or on the contrary, the rapid collapse of this belief or trust. The Appendix contains my opening remarks to the workshop ``More is Different'', as a tribute to Phil Anderson.