2000/06/25 by Yoram Louzoun, Louzoun, Yoram, Sorin Solomon +6
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Engineering · Physics and Astronomy · #Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO) #Artificial Immune Systems Applications #Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG) #Condensed Matter (cond-mat) #Evolution and Genetic Dynamics #FOS: Biological sciences #FOS: Physical sciences #Gene Regulatory Network Analysis #Quantitative Biology (q-bio) #cond-mat #nlin.AO #nlin.CG #q-bio
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.nlin/0006043
35 pages, 14 pages
arxiv created 2000/06/25 · openalex publication_date 2000/06/25 · arxiv updated 2009/11/30 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
We study the emergence of the collective spatio-temporal macroscopic properties of the immune system, by representing individually the elementary interactions between its microscopic components (antibodies, antigens, cytokines). The results of this detailed explicit analysis are compared with the traditional procedure of averaging over individuals and representing the collective dynamics in terms of densities that obey partial differential equations (PDE). The simulations show even for very simple elementary reactions the spontaneous emergence of localized complex structures. In turn the effective dynamics of these structures affects the average behavior of the system in a very decisive way: systems which would according to the differential equations approximation die, display in reality a very lively behavior. Our conclusions are supported both by explicit microscopic simulations and by analytic calculations. As the optimal method we propose a mixture of microscopic simulation (MS) systems describing each reaction separately, and average methods describing the average behavior of the agents.