The ecology of environmental DNA and implications for conservation genetics
2015/09/08 by Matthew A. Barnes, Cameron R. Turner · 1 voice · 1,182 citations
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · Environmental Science · #Applied ecology #Biodiversity #Biology #Conservation biology #Conservation genetics #Ecological genetics #Ecology #Environmental DNA #Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies #Genetics #Identification and Quantification in Food #Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology #Microsatellite #Molecular ecology #Population
paper · pdf · doi:10.1007/s10592-015-0775-4
published in Conservation Genetics 17(1), 1-17 (Springer Science+Business Media)
openalex publication_date 2015/09/08 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/06
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) refers to the genetic material that can be extracted from bulk environmental samples such as soil, water, and even air. The rapidly expanding study of eDNA has generated unprecedented ability to detect species and conduct genetic analyses for conservation, management, and research, particularly in scenarios where collection of whole organisms is impractical or impossible. While the number of studies demonstrating successful eDNA detection has increased rapidly in recent years, less research has explored the “ecology” of eDNA—myriad interactions between extraorganismal genetic material and its environment—and its influence on eDNA detection, quantification, analysis, and application to conservation and research. Here, we outline a framework for understanding the ecology of eDNA, including the origin, state, transport, and fate of extraorganismal genetic material. Using this framework, we review and synthesize the findings of eDNA studies from diverse environments, taxa, and fields of study to highlight important concepts and knowledge gaps in eDNA study and application. Additionally, we identify frontiers of conservation-focused eDNA application where we see the most potential for growth, including the use of eDNA for estimating population size, population genetic and genomic analyses via eDNA, inclusion of other indicator biomolecules such as environmental RNA or proteins, automated sample collection and analysis, and consideration of an expanded array of creative environmental samples. We discuss how a more complete understanding of the ecology of eDNA is integral to advancing these frontiers and maximizing the potential of future eDNA applications in conservation and research.
Citations
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- Aquatic invasive species exhibit contrasting seasonal detectability patterns based on environmental DNA: Implications for monitoring
- Estimating Organism Abundance Using Within-Sample Haplotype Frequencies of eDNA Metabarcoding Data
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- Rainfall has contrasting effects on aquatic and terrestrial environmental DNA recovered from streams
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- Environmental DNA: The next chapter
- A case study on the application of spore sampling for the monitoring of macrofungi
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- Applications of biosensors in non-native freshwater species: a systematic review
- Does Crayfish Molting Affect Environmental DNA Detectability?
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- Exploring elasmobranch biodiversity in the western Mediterranean and Alboran Sea through eDNA-Based monitoring
- Enhancing Environmental DNA Sampling Efficiency for Cetacean Detection on Whale Watching Tours
- Comparative Decay Dynamics and Detectability of eDNA and eRNA in Connected and Isolated Freshwater Mesocosms Using Digital PCR
- Combining eDNA Metabarcoding, Hydrology‐Based Modeling and Camera Trap Datasets to Assess the Potential of River eDNA in Monitoring Terrestrial Mammals
- Monitoring Methods for the Protection of Connectivity in Forest Ecosystems
- Of Biogeography, Fishes and Kelp: Environmental DNA Metabarcoding the Great African Seaforest
- Environmental DNA is more effective than hand sorting in evaluating earthworm biodiversity recovery under regenerative agriculture
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- Maximizing sampling efficiency to detect differences in fish community composition using environmental DNA metabarcoding in subarctic fjords
- Environmental variables that influence platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) eDNA detection: an insight into eDNA study design for platypus occupation
- A practical and cost-effective approach to long-fragment eDNA sequencing for high-resolution genetic diversity assessment
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- Assessing the combined performance of supervised learning and spike-in constructs for bias correction in eDNA metabarcoding
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- Monitoring for incipient dreissenid mussel invasions using environmental DNA and RNA: review of current state of knowledge and considerations for implementation
- Invasion Science: A Horizon Scan of Emerging Challenges and Opportunities
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- Comprehensive Sequencing of Environmental RNA From Japanese Medaka at Various Size Fractions and Comparison With Skin Swab RNA
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- Screening of predatory fish species for larvae of Acanthaster solaris and quantitative analysis techniques of environmental DNA
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- Combined use of eDNA metabarcoding and video surveillance for the assessment of fish biodiversity
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- Key environmental factors influencing eDNA quantitative detection of golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) in a long-distance water diversion project
- Estimating Rapid Diversity Changes During Acute Herbicide Contamination Using Environmental DNA
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- Persistence of environmental DNA in marine systems. [europepmc]
- Effect of water temperature and fish biomass on environmental DNA shedding, degradation, and size distribution. [europepmc]
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