2025/11/12 by Wei-Yang Liu, Edward Shuryak, Liu, Wei-Yang +3
Physics and Astronomy · #FOS: Physical sciences #High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat) #High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) #High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) #High-Energy Particle Collisions Research #Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) #Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions #Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2511.09019
openalex publication_date 2025/11/12 · openalex created_date 2025/11/14 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
In the Operator Product Expansion (OPE) of hard scattering amplitudes, the twist-3 operators describe local colored Lorentz forces acting on a quark, thereby providing a measure of the strength of the gluon fields. Its value is directly accessible from the nucleon twist-3 polarized g2-parton distribution function. In the semiclassical (instanton-based) QCD vacuum models, the leading non-perturbative contribution stems from correlated instanton-anti-instanton pairs, or molecules. We analyze the magnitude of the color force on a struck quark in light hadrons (pion and nucleon), in the context of the instanton liquid model (ILM). We derive explicitly the pertinent form factors associated with the color Lorentz force and show that they are intimately related to the pertinent hadronic gravitational and transversity form factors. Using the ILM enhanced by molecules, we detail the ensuing colored force distribution in the transverse plane for the luminal pions and nucleons. The results for the nucleons are in good agreement with those recently reported from a lattice collaboration.