On Methods in the Analysis of Profile Data
1959/06/01 by Samuel W. Greenhouse, Seymour Geisser · 4,985 citations
Chemistry · Decision Sciences · Mathematics · #Advanced Statistical Methods and Models #Analysis of covariance #Analysis of variance #Applied mathematics #Categorical variable #Covariance #Covariance matrix #Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry) #Mathematics #Multivariate analysis #Multivariate analysis of variance #Multivariate normal distribution #Multivariate statistics #Optimal Experimental Design Methods #Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses #Statistics #Variance (accounting)
paper · doi:10.1007/bf02289823
published in Psychometrika 24(2), 95-112 (Springer Science+Business Media)
openalex publication_date 1959/06/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/04
Abstract
This paper is concerned with methods for analyzing quantitative, non-categorical profile data, e.g., a battery of tests given to individuals in one or more groups. It is assumed that the variables have a multinormal distribution with an arbitrary variance-covariance matrix. Approximate procedures based on classical analysis of variance are presented, including an adjustment to the degrees of freedom resulting in conservative F tests. These can be applied to the case where the variance-covariance matrices differ from group to group. In addition, exact generalized multivariate analysis methods are discussed. Examples are given illustrating both techniques.
Cited by
- Neural mechanisms underlying the interactive exchange of facial emotional expressions
- Guidelines for using human event‐related potentials to study cognition: Recording standards and publication criteria
- Developmental Trends in the Quality of Conversation Achieved by Small Groups of Acquainted Peers
- On the Brain Response to Syntactic Anomalies: Manipulations of Word Position and Word Class Reveal Individual Differences
- Competitive Interference and Consumer Memory for Advertising
- Effects of visual illusions on grasping.
- How Do They Feel? Processing Others’ Emotions in Second Language Discourse
- The influence of (social) anxiety and visual exploration on threat responding and generalization
- fMRI BOLD signals in the left angular gyrus and hippocampus are associated with memory precision
- Electrocortical Responses in Anticipation of Avoidable and Inevitable Threats: A Multisite Study
- The Effects of Using Taxi-Hailing Application on Driving Performance
- Intense piano training on self-efficacy and physiological stress in aging
- Communicative Social Intentions Modulate Emotional Mimicry Responses
- How Robot Kinematics Influence Human Performance in Virtual Robot-to-Human Handover Tasks
- Mental health improvement after the COVID-19 pandemic in individuals with psychological distress
- Inference for low‐ and high‐dimensional multigroup repeated measures designs with unequal covariance matrices
- Emotional responses to music: experience, expression, and physiology
- It's All About You: An ERP Study of Emotion and Self-Relevance in Discourse
- Dissociative Effects of Age on Neural Differentiation at the Category and Item Levels
- Assessing sensitivity to semantic and syntactic information in deaf readers: An ERP study
- The influence of social anxiety and visual exploration on threat responding and generalization
- Returning a smile: Initiating a social interaction with a facial emotional expression influences the evaluation of the expression received in return
- Neural effects differ for learning highly iconic versus non-iconic signs in hearing adults
- The state of a central inhibition system predicts access to visual targets: An ERP study on distractor-induced blindness (DIB)
- Brain signal variability is reduced during self-face processing irrespective of emotional facial expressions: Evidence from multiscale entropy analysis
- Morphed facial expressions elicited a N400 ERP effect: A domain‐specific semantic module?
- An integrated theory of deciding and acting.
- Dorsal and ventral pathways in language development
- The searching artificial intelligence: Consumers show less aversion to algorithm‐recommended search product
- DiffAU: Diffusion-Based Ambisonics Upscaling
- How to do Better N400 Studies: Reproducibility, Consistency and Adherence to Research Standards in the Existing Literature
- Some Conceptual and Statistical Issues in Analysis of Longitudinal Psychiatric Data
- Panoptic segmentation for complete labeling of fruit microstructure in 3D micro-CT images with deep learning
- Ethanol Alters the Neurexin Landscape in Human Neuroblastoma Cells
- Opposite Medial and Lateral Tibiofemoral Joint Compartment Responses Between Dominant and Nondominant Limbs When Walking With Load Carriage
- Investigating the “stickiness” of waste-inducing behaviors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Massachusetts, USA: A geospatial and machine learning analysis
- Syntax and processing in Seediq: an event-related potential study
- Orthographic and Phonological Code Activation in Deaf and Hearing Readers
- The Digitization of Healthcare: Boundary Risks, Emotion, and Consumer Willingness to Disclose Personal Health Information
- MARLINE: Multi-Source Mapping Transfer Learning for Non-Stationary Environments
- How consumers are affected by product descriptions in online shopping: Event-related potentials evidence of the attribute framing effect
- The independence of combinatory semantic processing: Evidence from event-related potentials
- Generalized event knowledge activation during online sentence comprehension
- Alpha and theta oscillations differentiate escalating risk levels during reward anticipation in sequential decision making
- The effect of nutritional labels on the facilitation of food image detection
- III. Electrophysiological Studies of Face Processing in Williams Syndrome
- Using confidence intervals in within-subject designs
- Your Interface, Your Control: Adapting Takeover Requests for Seamless Handover in Semi-Autonomous Vehicles
- Repetitive Bimanual Force Control and Tensiomyography-Derived Muscle Contractile Properties
- Tiller dynamics of perennial ryegrass cultivars derived from different New Zealand ecotypes: effects of cultivar, season, nitrogen fertiliser, and irrigation
- Does audiovisual speech offer a fountain of youth for old ears? An event-related brain potential study of age differences in audiovisual speech perception.
- Spatial cueing in time–space synesthetes: An event-related brain potential study
- Spatial MEG Laterality maps for language: Clinical applications in epilepsy
- Rhizotoxicity of aluminate and polycationic aluminium at high pH
- The Statistical Analysis of Ecophysiological Response Curves Obtained from Experiments Involving Repeated Measures
- Statistical principles in experimental design.
- Qigong Massage Treatment for Sensory and Self-Regulation Problems in Young Children With Autism: A Randomized Controlled Trial
- THE EFFECT OFD‐ VERSUSL‐ PROPRANOLOL IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTHYROIDISM
- Testing for population-level impacts of introduced Pseudacteon tricuspis flies, phorid parasitoids of Solenopsis invicta fire ants
- The Impact of Diversity on Online Ensemble Learning in the Presence of Concept Drift
- Intuitive bimanual teleoperation in mixed reality with assisted grasp autonomy
- Processing Syntactic Relations in Language and Music: An Event-Related Potential Study
- Repair, Revision, and Complexity in Syntactic Analysis: An Electrophysiological Differentiation
- Acoustic processing of temporally modulated sounds in infants: evidence from a combined near-infrared spectroscopy and EEG study. [europepmc]
- Standard errors and confidence intervals in within-subjects designs: generalizing Loftus and Masson (1994) and avoiding the biases of alternative accounts. [europepmc]
- Valence, arousal, and task effects in emotional prosody processing. [europepmc]
- Neural correlates of own name and own face detection in autism spectrum disorder. [europepmc]
- Interactive HIV-1 Tat and morphine-induced synaptodendritic injury is triggered through focal disruptions in Na⁺ influx, mitochondrial instability, and Ca²⁺ overload. [europepmc]
- Influence of motivation on control hierarchy in the human frontal cortex. [europepmc]
- Notch promotes recurrence of dormant tumor cells following HER2/neu-targeted therapy. [europepmc]
- Sustained Perceptual Deficits from Transient Sensory Deprivation. [europepmc]
- Ultra-High-Field fMRI Reveals a Role for the Subiculum in Scene Perceptual Discrimination. [europepmc]
- Nasal high flow in management of children with status asthmaticus: a retrospective observational study. [europepmc]
- Greater Neural Adaptations following High- vs. Low-Load Resistance Training. [europepmc]
- Violation of the Sphericity Assumption and Its Effect on Type-I Error Rates in Repeated Measures ANOVA and Multi-Level Linear Models (MLM). [europepmc]
- Cytokine alterations in first-episode schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: relationships to brain structure and symptoms. [europepmc]
- Bayesian comparison of explicit and implicit causal inference strategies in multisensory heading perception. [europepmc]
- The Relationship between Age, Neural Differentiation, and Memory Performance. [europepmc]
- Deficit of corpus callosum axons, reduced axon diameter and decreased area are markers of abnormal development of interhemispheric connections in autistic subjects. [europepmc]
- Disruption of Timing: NeuroHIV Progression in the Post-cART Era. [europepmc]
- Taxes and front-of-package labels improve the healthiness of beverage and snack purchases: a randomized experimental marketplace. [europepmc]
- Damage to the shortest structural paths between brain regions is associated with disruptions of resting-state functional connectivity after stroke. [europepmc]
- Age Differences In Retrieval-Related Reinstatement Reflect Age-Related Dedifferentiation At Encoding. [europepmc]
- Using multilevel models for the analysis of event-related potentials. [europepmc]
- How to do Better N400 Studies: Reproducibility, Consistency and Adherence to Research Standards in the Existing Literature. [europepmc]
- Generalized additive models to analyze nonlinear trends in biomedical longitudinal data using R: Beyond repeated measures ANOVA and linear mixed models. [europepmc]
- Accuracy of EEG Biomarkers in the Detection of Clinical Outcome in Disorders of Consciousness after Severe Acquired Brain Injury: Preliminary Results of a Pilot Study Using a Machine Learning Approach. [europepmc]
- Guidelines for repeated measures statistical analysis approaches with basic science research considerations. [europepmc]
Related