2025/07/18 by Saurav Ghosh, Ghosh, Saurav, Mishu, Niloy Deb Roy
Computer Science · #68M10 #81P94 #94A60 #94A60 68M10 #Blockchain Technology Applications and Security #C.2.1 #Cryptography and Security (cs.CR) #Distributed #E.3 #Emerging Technologies (cs.ET) #FOS: Computer and information sciences #K.6.5 #Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI) #Parallel #Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture #Quantum Information and Cryptography #and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2507.13720
openalex publication_date 2025/07/18 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Quantum computing poses fundamental risks to classical blockchain systems by undermining widely used cryptographic primitives. In response, two major research directions have emerged: post-quantum blockchains, which integrate quantum-resistant algorithms, and quantum blockchains, which leverage quantum properties such as entanglement and quantum key distribution. This survey reviews key developments in both areas, analyzing their cryptographic foundations, architectural designs, and implementation challenges. This work provides a comparative overview of technical proposals, highlight trade-offs in security, scalability, and deployment, and identify open research problems across hardware, consensus, and network design. The goal is to offer a structured and comprehensive reference for advancing secure blockchain systems in the quantum era.