1962/08/01 by Jeffrey Goldstone, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg · 15 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions #Black Holes and Theoretical Physics #Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
paper · doi:10.1103/physrev.127.965
Some proofs are presented of Goldstone's conjecture, that if there is continuous symmetry transformation under which the Lagrangian is invariant, then either the vacuum state is also invariant under the transformation, or there must exist spinless particles of zero mass.