Theory of the Contribution of Excitons to the Complex Dielectric Constant of Crystals
1958/12/01 by J. J. Hopfield · 2,343 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Absorption (acoustics) #Biexciton #Condensed matter physics #Dielectric #Electromagnetic field #Exciton #Optical and Acousto-Optic Technologies #Optics #Oscillator strength #Photon #Physics #Quantum #Quantum electrodynamics #Quantum mechanics #Quantum optics and atomic interactions #Semiclassical physics #Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Studies
paper · doi:10.1103/physrev.112.1555
published in Physical Review 112(5), 1555-1567 (American Institute of Physics)
openalex publication_date 1958/12/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Abstract
It is shown that the ordinary semiclassical theory of the absorption of light by exciton states is not completely satisfactory (in contrast to the case of absorption due to interband transitions). A more complete theory is developed. It is shown that excitons are approximate bosons, and, in interaction with the electromagnetic field, the exciton field plays the role of the classical polarization field. The eigenstates of the system of crystal and radiation field are mixtures of photons and excitons. The ordinary one-quantum optical lifetime of an excitation is infinite. Absorption occurs only when "three-body" processes are introduced. The theory includes "local field" effects, leading to the Lorentz local field correction when it is applicable. A Smakula equation for the oscillator strength in terms of the integrated absorption constant is derived.
Citations
Cited by
- Quantum fluids of light
- Ultrastrong coupling regimes of light-matter interaction
- Collective Effects in Polariton Chemistry and Photophysics
- Radiative lifetimes of single excitons in semiconductor quantum dots — manifestation of the spatial coherence effect
- One-dimensional ZnO exciton polaritons with negligible thermal broadening at room temperature
- Emerging landscape of photonic bound states in the continuum for next-generation metadevices
- Symmetry-Controlled Ultrastrong Phonon-Photon Coupling in a Terahertz Cavity
- Light–matter interaction Hamiltonians in cavity quantum electrodynamics
- Cell vibron polariton in the myelin sheath of nerve
- Microscopic quantum description of surface plasmon polaritons: Revealing intrinsic ultrastrong light-matter coupling
- Manipulating matter by strong coupling to vacuum fields
- Resonant tunneling into a quantum dot embedded inside a microcavity
- Renormalized frequency shift of a Wannier exciton in a one-dimensional system
- Generation, propagation and control of quantized vortices and dark solitons in polariton superfluids
- The Birth of a Plasmonic Topological Quasiparticle on the Nanofemto Scale
- Superradiant and Aharonov-Bohm effect for the quantum ring exciton
- Quantum-optical spectroscopy of semiconductors
- Many-body correlations and excitonic effects in semiconductor spectroscopy
- Exciton Delocalization Suppresses Polariton Scattering
- Polaritonic Bistability in Semiconductor Microcavities
- Ground-state energy and depletions for a dilute binary Bose gas
- Static disorder-induced renormalization of polariton group velocity
- Behavior of quantum coherence in the ultrastrong and deep strong coupling regimes of light-matter system
- Chemistry Meets Plasmon Polaritons and Cavity Photons: A Perspective from Macroscopic Quantum Electrodynamics
- Differential molecule-cavity mode coupling in soft-cavities
- Phase Transitions in Light-Matter Systems for Quantum Sensing
- Exciton-exciton scattering dynamics in a semiconductor microcavity and stimulated scattering into polaritons
- Decay rate and renormalized frequency shift of superradiant exciton in a cylindrical quantum wire
- Non-conservative Lagrangian method for half-dark solitons in spinor non-equilibrium Polariton condensates
- Photon localization revisited
- Critical review of quantum plasmonic models for finite-size media
- FDTD with Auxiliary Bath Fields for Condensed-Phase Polaritonics: Fundamentals and Implementation
- Cavity optomechanical coupling assisted by an atomic gas
- Electromagnetic field quantization in an anisotropic magnetodielectric medium with spatial–temporal dispersion
- Decomposition of the electromagnetic field in lossless inhomogeneous dispersive dielectrics
- Comparison of quantum and classical local-field effects on two-level atoms in a dielectric
- Decay rate and renormalized frequency shift of a quantum wire Wannier exciton in a planar microcavity
- Phase-locking in quantum and classical oscillators: polariton condensates, lasers, and arrays of Josephson junctions
- Phase diagram for condensation of microcavity polaritons: From theory to practice
- Exciton beats in GaAs quantum wells: bosonic representation and collective effects
- Path integral quantization of the relativistic Hopfield model
- Multispin errors in the optical control of a spin quantum lattice
- Optical properties of excitons in ZnO-based quantum well heterostructures
- Eigenvalues and Eigenstates of Quantum Rabi Model
- Exciton–photon coupling in a ZnSe-based microcavity fabricated using epitaxial liftoff
- Input-output theory of cavities in the ultrastrong coupling regime: The case of time-independent cavity parameters
- Effective photon-photon interaction in a two-dimensional “photon fluid”
- Superradiance of low-density Frenkel excitons in a crystal slab of three-level atoms: The quantum interference effect
- QED of excitons with nonlocal susceptibility in arbitrarily structured dielectrics
- Three-dimensional quantization of the electromagnetic field in dispersive and absorbing inhomogeneous dielectrics
- Gate controlled coupling of intersubband plasmons
- Extension of the Huttner-Barnett model to a magnetodielectric medium
- ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD QUANTIZATION IN AN ANISOTROPIC AND INHOMOGENEOUS MAGNETODIELECTRIC MEDIUM
- Quasiparticle-continuum level repulsion in a quantum magnet
- Is zero-point energy physical? A toy model for Casimir-like effect
- Quantum electrodynamics near a dispersive and absorbing dielectric
- Absorption, photoluminescence, and resonant Rayleigh scattering probes of condensed microcavity polaritons
- Instabilities, nonhermiticity and exceptional points in the cranking model
- Green's Dyadic, Spectral Function, Local Density of States, and Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem
- Finite-size fluctuations and photon statistics near the polariton condensation transition in a single-mode microcavity
- Linewidth of a polariton laser: Theoretical analysis of self-interaction effects
- Entangled light from driven dissipative microcavities
- Closure relations for composite bosons: Difference between polaritons and Wannier or Frenkel excitons
- Observation of Tunable Charged Exciton Polaritons in Hybrid Monolayer WS2−Plasmonic Nanoantenna System
- Generalization of the Tavis–Cummings model for multi-level anharmonic systems
- Local modes, phonons, and mass transport in solid4He
- Vacuum radiation and frequency-mixing in linear light-matter systems
- Keldysh field theory for nonequilibrium condensation in a parametrically pumped polariton system
- Ancillary Qubit Spectroscopy of Vacua in Cavity and Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics
- Propagation of nonclassical optical radiation through a semiconductor slab
- Control of photon propagation via electromagnetically induced transparency in lossless media
- Two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy of exciton-polaritons and their interactions
- High-temperature tunable superfluidity of polaritons in Xene monolayers in an optical microcavity
- Direct Observation of Whispering Gallery Mode Polaritons and their Dispersion in a ZnO Tapered Microcavity
- Stability of a Bose-Einstein condensate revisited for composite bosons
- Adiabatic approximation and fluctuations in exciton-polariton condensates
- Hopfield-Kerr model and analogue black hole radiation in dielectrics
- Interaction of the quantized electromagnetic field with atoms in the presence of dispersing and absorbing dielectric bodies
- Electromagnetic vacuum of complex media: Dipole emission versus light propagation, vacuum energy, and local field factors
- Quantum theory of exciton-photon coupling in photonic crystal slabs with embedded quantum wells
- Analytical description of quantum emission in optical analogs to gravity
- Nonlocal optical response in metallic nanostructures
- Quantum plasmonics
- Non-equilibrium condensation in periodic polariton lattices
- Field quantization in inhomogeneous absorptive dielectrics
- Fano diagonalization of a polariton model for an inhomogeneous absorptive dielectric
- Generalization of the Tavis–Cummings model for multi-level anharmonic systems: Insights on the second excitation manifold
- Limits to Strong Coupling of Excitons in Multilayer WS2 with Collective Plasmonic Resonances
- Virtual photons in the ground state of a dissipative system. [europepmc]
- Edge-emitting polariton laser and amplifier based on a ZnO waveguide. [europepmc]
- Resonant catalysis of thermally activated chemical reactions with vibrational polaritons. [europepmc]
- Molecular Monolayer Strong Coupling in Dielectric Soft Microcavities. [europepmc]
- Tuning the Optical Characteristics of Diketopyrrolopyrrole Molecules in the Solid State by Alkyl Side Chains. [europepmc]
- Enhancing Vibrational Light-Matter Coupling Strength beyond the Molecular Concentration Limit Using Plasmonic Arrays. [europepmc]
- Ultrastrong magnon-magnon coupling dominated by antiresonant interactions. [europepmc]
- Barrier-free reverse-intersystem crossing in organic molecules by strong light-matter coupling. [europepmc]
- Ultrastrong Coupling of a Single Molecule to a Plasmonic Nanocavity: A First-Principles Study. [europepmc]
- Ab Initio Linear-Response Approach to Vibro-Polaritons in the Cavity Born-Oppenheimer Approximation. [europepmc]
- Theoretical Challenges in Polaritonic Chemistry. [europepmc]
- Twist Angle Tuning of Moiré Exciton Polaritons in van der Waals Heterostructures. [europepmc]
- A Theoretical Perspective on Molecular Polaritonics. [europepmc]
- Controlling Exciton Propagation in Organic Crystals through Strong Coupling to Plasmonic Nanoparticle Arrays. [europepmc]
- Room-temperature electrical control of polarization and emission angle in a cavity-integrated 2D pulsed LED. [europepmc]
- Organic molecules with inverted singlet-triplet gaps. [europepmc]
- Chiral Polaritonics: Analytical Solutions, Intuition, and Use. [europepmc]
- Incandescent temporal metamaterials. [europepmc]
- Theoretical Advances in Polariton Chemistry and Molecular Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics. [europepmc]
- The Rise and Current Status of Polaritonic Photochemistry and Photophysics. [europepmc]
- Ab Initio Vibro-Polaritonic Spectra in Strongly Coupled Cavity-Molecule Systems. [europepmc]
- Strong light-matter coupling in van der Waals materials. [europepmc]
- Resonance theory of vibrational polariton chemistry at the normal incidence. [europepmc]
- Chemistry Meets Plasmon Polaritons and Cavity Photons: A Perspective from Macroscopic Quantum Electrodynamics. [europepmc]
- Roadmap for Photonics with 2D Materials. [europepmc]
Related