2024/08/08 by Saeed Ullah, Xinge Liu, Adil Waheed +2 · 1 citation
Computer Science · Mathematics · #Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques #Algorithm #Artificial intelligence #Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption #Chaotic #Computer science #Computer vision #Cryptography #Cryptosystem #Encryption #Grayscale #Hénon map #Key space #Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals #Mathematics #Permutation (music) #Pixel #Rendering (computer graphics)
paper · doi:10.1088/1402-4896/ad6d0e
openalex publication_date 2024/08/08 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
Abstract With the increasing frequency of data exchange, the security of transmitted information, especially images, has become paramount. This paper proposes a novel algorithm for encrypting grayscale images of any dimension by using a proposed fractional-order (FO) 4D hyperchaotic system, 2D Henon chaotic map permutation, and the knight tour algorithm. Initially, chaotic sequences are generated by utilizing the proposed FO 4D hyperchaotic system, which are later employed to rearrange and shuffle the entire image pixels to bolster the efficacy of image encryption. To introduce an additional layer of diffusion, 2D Henon chaotic map permutation is used. Furthermore, the knight tour algorithm is applied by starting from a chosen point and executing specified rounds on the scrambled image to increase the encryption’s robustness. The resultant image encryption algorithm undergoes thorough testing and evaluation. It exhibits high sensitivity to the encryption key and boasts a larger key space, rendering it more resistant to brute-force attacks. The proposed algorithm demonstrates an approximate correlation of 0 between adjacent pixels. Further, encryption of a grayscale image of size 256 × 256 takes approximately 0.4 seconds, rendering it more suitable for cryptographic purposes.