2025/02/26 by Kaustav K. Das, M. M. Kasliwal, Das, Kaustav K. +104 · 3 citations
Physics and Astronomy · #Astronomy and Astrophysical Research #FOS: Physical sciences #Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae #High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) #Neutrino Physics Research #Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
paper · pdf · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2502.19493
openalex publication_date 2025/02/26 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/28
We present the luminosity function and volumetric rate of a sample of Type IIP supernovae (SNe) from the Zwicky Transient Facility Census of the Local Universe survey (CLU). This is the largest sample of Type IIP SNe from a systematic volume-limited survey to-date. The final sample includes 330 Type IIP SNe and 36 low-luminosity Type II (LLIIP) SNe with M_\textrmr,peak>-16 mag, which triples the literature sample of LLIIP SNe. The fraction of LLIIP SNe is 19+3-4% of the total CLU Type IIP SNe population (8+1-2% of all core-collapse SNe). This implies that while LLIIP SNe likely represent the fate of core-collapse SNe of 8-12 \Msun progenitors, they alone cannot account for the fate of all massive stars in this mass range. To derive an absolute rate, we estimate the ZTF pipeline efficiency as a function of the apparent magnitude and the local surface brightness. We derive a volumetric rate of (3.9-0.4+0.4) × 104 \textrmGpc-3 \textrmyr-1 for Type IIP SNe and (7.3-0.6+0.6) × 103 \textrmGpc-3 \textrmyr-1 for LLIIP SNe. Now that the rate of LLIIP SNe is robustly derived, the unresolved discrepancy between core-collapse SN rates and star-formation rates cannot be explained by LLIIP SNe alone.