2002/02/01 by Frank Pajonk, Chi-Shuin Chiang, Chi‐Shiun Chiang +2 · 1 citation
Medicine · Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology · #Effects of Radiation Exposure #NF-κB Signaling Pathways #Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
paper · doi:10.1093/milmed/167.suppl_1.66
Ionizing radiation shares with proinflammatory cytokines a pathway that involves reactive oxygen species and activation of the redox-sensitive nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B, which leads to expression of inflammatory and cell survival programs. NF-kappa B activation normally requires phosphorylation of its inhibitor I kappa B and the inhibitor's subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Nonlinear dose-response curves have been reported for both radiation-induced cytokines and NF-kappa B and I kappa B expression with maximum exposures of less than 2 Gy and greater than 4 Gy, respectively. Radiation-inhibited proteasomes function over a wide dose range, suggesting that the proteasome is a redox-sensitive target for radiation that may function along with transcription to cause nonlinear dose-response relationships for early expression of many molecules, including NF-kappa B and cytokines. These pathways are relevant to low-dose radiation effects, adaptive responses, and carcinogenesis.