2026/02/05 by Mustafa Muhibullah, Jimmy A. Irwin, R. Di Stefano
#astro-ph.HE #astro-ph.GA
X-ray binaries, powered by accretion onto black holes, neutron stars, or white dwarfs from companion stars, are among the brightest non-explosive beacons in galaxies, outshining the Sun by millions. Typical X-ray binaries emit primarily above 0.3 keV, whereas cooler sources, peaking in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV), remain challenging to detect due to a long-standing observational blind spot. Here, we report the discovery of a remarkable class of luminous, point-like, non-nuclear X-ray objects--hypersoft X-ray sources--that have largely been missed by previous surveys. Detected primarily or exclusively below 0.3 keV, the most luminous examples radiate near 1E38 erg/s in the narrow X-ray band, with spectral models suggesting even higher bolometric luminosities, most of which emerge in the EUV. They rank among the most energetic sources in galaxies, yet their EUV-peaking spectra evaded earlier detections. We propose that hypersoft sources represent X-ray binaries spanning multiple physical classes, including accreting white dwarfs or post-nova systems--potential progenitors of Type Ia supernovae--and systems hosting accreting black holes. Beyond their elusive nature, they may play a crucial role in ionizing gas within galaxies.