Meta-analysis of Correlates of Provider Behavior in Medical Encounters

1988/07/01 by Judith A. Hall, Debra Roter, Debra L. Roter +2 · 1,085 citations
Business, Management and Accounting · Health Professions · Mathematics · Psychology · #Business #Developmental psychology #Healthcare Systems and Technology #Marketing #Mathematics #Outcome (game theory) #Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare #Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare #Psychology #Service (business) #Service provider #Social psychology #Socioemotional selectivity theory #Statistics #Variables

paper · doi:10.1097/00005650-198807000-00002

published in Medical Care 26(7), 657-675 (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)

openalex publication_date 1988/07/01 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/30

Abstract

This article summarizes the results of 41 independent studies containing correlates of objectively measured provider behaviors in medical encounters. Provider behaviors were grouped a priori into the process categories of information giving, questions, competence, partnership building, and socioemotional behavior. Total amount of communication was also included. All correlations between variables within these categories and external variables (patient outcome variables or patient and provider background variables) were extracted. The most frequently occurring outcome variables were satisfaction, recall, and compliance, and the most frequently occurring background variables were the patient's gender, age, and social class. Average correlations and combined significance levels were calculated for each combination of process category and external variable. Results showed significant relations of small to moderate average magnitude between these external variables and almost all of the provider behavior categories. A theory of provider-patient reciprocation is proposed to account for the pattern of results.

Citations

• The Norm of Reciprocity: A Preliminary Statement

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