2025/12/11 by Maxim Krasnov, Norma Susana Mankoˇc Borštnik, Norma Susana Mankoč Borštnik +8
Earth and Planetary Sciences · Physics and Astronomy · Social Sciences · #Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions #Fermion #International Science and Diplomacy #Physical law #Relativity and Gravitational Theory #Standard Model (mathematical formulation) #Trademark #Universe #physics.gen-ph
paper · pdf · open access · doi:10.51746/9789612977351
published in Založba Univerze v Ljubljani (University of Ljubljana Press) eBooks
openalex created_date 2025/12/15 · openalex publication_date 2025/12/15 · arxiv published 2026/04/08 · arxiv updated 2026/04/08 · openalex updated_date 2026/08/05
Although the internal spaces describing spins and charges of fermions' and bosons' second-quantised fields have such different properties, yet we can all describe them equivalently with the ``basis vectors'' which are a superposition of odd (for fermions) and even (for bosons) products of γa's. In an even-dimensional internal space, as it is d=(13+1), odd ``basis vectors'' appear in 2(d)/(2)-1 families with 2(d)/(2)-1 members each, and have their Hermitian conjugate partners in a separate group, while even ``basis vectors'' appear in two orthogonal groups. Algebraic multiplication of boson and fermion ``basis vectors'' determines the interactions between fermions and bosons, and among bosons themselves, and correspondingly also their action. Tensor products of the ``basis vectors'' and basis in ordinary space-time determine states for fermions and bosons, if bosons obtain in addition the space index α. We study properties of massless fermions and bosons with the internal spaces determined by the ``basis vectors'' while assuming that fermions and bosons are active only in d=(3+1) of the ordinary space-time. We discuss the Feynman diagrams in this theory, describing internal spaces of fermion and boson fields with odd and even ``basis vectors'', respectively, in comparison with the Feynman diagrams of the theories so far presented and interpreted.