2024/06/25 by Johannes Fankhauser, Tomáš Gonda, Gemma De les Coves · 5 citations
Arts and Humanities · Mathematics · Physics and Astronomy · Psychology · #Epistemology #Mathematics #Metaphysics #Philosophy #Philosophy and History of Science #Philosophy and Theoretical Science #Philosophy of language #Philosophy of science #Quantum Mechanics and Applications
paper · pdf · doi:10.1007/s11229-024-04852-0
published in Synthese 205(4) (Springer Science+Business Media)
openalex publication_date 2025/03/26 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/23
Abstract Quantum theory has an epistemic horizon, i.e. exact values cannot be assigned simultaneously to incompatible physical quantities. As shown by Spekkens’ toy theory, positing an epistemic horizon akin to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle in a classical mechanical setting also leads to a plethora of quantum phenomena. We introduce a deterministic theory—nomic toy theory—in which information gathering agents are explicitly modelled as physical systems. Our main result shows the presence of an epistemic horizon for such agents. They can only simultaneously learn the values of observables whose Poisson bracket vanishes. Therefore, nomic toy theory has incompatible measurements and the complete state of a physical system cannot be known. The best description of a system by an agent is via an epistemic state of Spekkens’ toy theory. Our result reconciles us to measurement uncertainty as an aspect of the inseparability of subjects and objects. Significantly, the claims follow even though nomic toy theory is essentially classical. This work invites further investigations of epistemic horizons, such as the one of (full) quantum theory.