Cranial morphology and dietary habits of rodents

2009/06/08 by JOSHUA X. SAMUELS, Joshua X. Samuels · 220 citations
Earth and Planetary Sciences · Environmental Science · #Anatomy #Biology #Biting #Cheek teeth #Dentition #Ecology #Ecology and biodiversity studies #Ecomorphology #Evolution and Paleontology Studies #Generalist and specialist species #Habitat #Herbivore #Insectivore #Morphometrics #Omnivore #Paleontology #Predation #Rostrum #Skull #Wildlife Ecology and Conservation #Zoology

paper · pdf · doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00502.x

published in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 156(4), 864-888 (Oxford University Press)

openalex publication_date 2009/06/08 · openalex created_date 2025/10/10 · openalex updated_date 2026/07/26

Abstract

Rodents are important components of nearly every terrestrial ecosystem and display considerable ecological diversity. Nevertheless, a lack of data on the ecomorphology of rodents has led to them being largely overlooked in palaeoecological reconstructions. Here, geometric and linear morphometrics are used to examine how cranial and dental shapes reflect the diets of living rodent species. Although most rodents are omnivores or generalist herbivores, some species have evolved highly specialized carnivorous, insectivorous, and herbivorous diets. Results show that living rodents with similar diets display convergent morphology, despite their independent evolutionary histories. Carnivores have relatively elongate incisors, elongate and narrow incisor blades, orthodont incisor angles, reduced cheek tooth areas, and enlarged temporal fossae. Insectivores display relatively degenerate dentition, elongate rostra, narrow and thin zygomatic arches, and smaller temporal fossae. Herbivores are characterized by relatively broader incisor blades, longer molar tooth rows, larger cheek tooth areas, wider skull and rostrum, thicker and broader zygomatic arches, and larger temporal fossae. These results suggest that cranial and dental morphology can be used to accurately infer extinct rodent diets regardless of ancestry. Application to extinct beavers suggests that most had highly specialized herbivorous diets.

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