An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV

2016/03/24 by The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group · 109 citations
Agricultural and Biological Sciences · #Plant Diversity and Evolution #Plant Parasitism and Resistance #Plant and animal studies

paper · pdf · doi:10.1111/boj.12385

Abstract

© 2016 The Linnean Society of London. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) classification of the orders and families of angiosperms is presented. Several new orders are recognized: Boraginales, Dilleniales, Icacinales, Metteniusiales and Vahliales. This brings the total number of orders and families recognized in the APG system to 64 and 416, respectively. We propose two additional informal major clades, superrosids and superasterids, that each comprise the additional orders that are included in the larger clades dominated by the rosids and asterids. Families that made up potentially monofamilial orders, Dasypogonaceae and Sabiaceae, are instead referred to Arecales and Proteales, respectively. Two parasitic families formerly of uncertain positions are now placed: Cynomoriaceae in Saxifragales and Apodanthaceae in Cucurbitales. Although there is evidence that some families recognized in APG III are not monophyletic, we make no changes in Dioscoreales and Santalales relative to APG III and leave some genera in Lamiales unplaced (e.g. Peltanthera). These changes in familial circumscription and recognition have all resulted from new results published since APG III, except for some changes simply due to nomenclatural issues, which include substituting Asphodelaceae for Xanthorrhoeaceae (Asparagales) and Francoaceae for Melianthaceae (Geraniales); however, in Francoaceae we also include Bersamaceae, Ledocarpaceae, Rhynchothecaceae and Vivianiaceae. Other changes to family limits are not drastic or numerous and are mostly focused on some members of the lamiids, especially the former Icacinaceae that have long been problematic with several genera moved to the formerly monogeneric Metteniusaceae, but minor changes in circumscription include Aristolochiaceae (now including Lactoridaceae and Hydnoraceae; Aristolochiales), Maundiaceae (removed from Juncaginaceae; Alismatales), Restionaceae (now re-including Anarthriaceae and Centrolepidaceae; Poales), Buxaceae (now including Haptanthaceae; Buxales), Peraceae (split from Euphorbiaceae; Malpighiales), recognition of Petenaeaceae (Huerteales), Kewaceae, Limeaceae, Macarthuriaceae and Microteaceae (all Caryophyllales), Petiveriaceae split from Phytolaccaceae (Caryophyllales), changes to the generic composition of Ixonanthaceae and Irvingiaceae (with transfer of Allantospermum from the former to the latter; Malpighiales), transfer of Pakaraimaea (formerly Dipterocarpaceae) to Cistaceae (Malvales), transfer of Borthwickia, Forchhammeria, Stixis and Tirania (formerly all Capparaceae) to Resedaceae (Brassicales), Nyssaceae split from Cornaceae (Cornales), Pteleocarpa moved to Gelsemiaceae (Gentianales), changes to the generic composition of Gesneriaceae (Sanango moved from Loganiaceae) and Orobanchaceae (now including Lindenbergiaceae and Rehmanniaceae) and recognition of Mazaceae distinct from Phrymaceae (all Lamiales).

Citations

• CONFIDENCE LIMITS ON PHYLOGENIES: AN APPROACH USING THE BOOTSTRAP
• Molecular phylogenetics of Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae: implications for character evolution
• An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II
• An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III

Cited by

• Disparity, diversity, and duplications in the Caryophyllales
• A new classification of<i>Carex</i>(Cyperaceae) subgenera supported by a HybSeq backbone phylogenetic tree
• Systematics and evolution of the Old World Ebenaceae, a review with emphasis on the large genus<i>Diospyros</i>and its radiation in New Caledonia
• The origin of a mega-diverse genus: dating<i>Begonia</i>(Begoniaceae) using alternative datasets, calibrations and relaxed clock methods
• Phylogenetics and evolution of phyllotaxy in the Solomon's seal genus<i>Polygonatum</i>(Asparagaceae: Polygonateae)
• The evolution of betalain biosynthesis in Caryophyllales
• Toward a phylogenomic classification of magnoliids
• Phylogeny of the popcorn flowers: Use of genome skimming to evaluate monophyly and interrelationships in subtribe Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae)
• Integrating comparative morphology and development into evolutionary research
• Allelic turnover and dominance reversal at a single-gene balanced polymorphism controlling heterodichogamous flowering in wingnuts (Juglandaceae)
• Continental‐scale interactions of Australian showy mistletoes and their hosts
• The rhizosheath – a potential trait for future agricultural sustainability occurs in orders throughout the angiosperms
• Low-level CAM photosynthesis in a succulent-leaved member of the Urticaceae, Pilea peperomioides
• Construction and analysis of EST libraries of the trans-polyisoprene producing plant, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver
• <scp>FLAMITS</scp>: A global database of plant flammability traits
• Protecting hidden treasures: Indigenous lands safeguard 50% of areas with the highest potential for angiosperm discoveries in Brazil—patterns and conservation priorities
• Cenozoic plant macrofossils and remains in Taiwan: A review of the literature and fossil record
• First fossil woods and palm stems from the mid‐Paleocene of Myanmar and implications for biogeography and wood anatomy
• New records of extinct Icacinaceae from Paleocene rainforests of northwestern South America
• Cookbook for plant genome sequences
• A cell‐type‐specific regulon controlling monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis with feedback and feedforward activation loops
• Native Trees of the Mediterranean Region: Distribution, Diversity and Conservation Challenges
• PubPlant – a continuously updated online resource for sequenced and published plant genomes
• Deciphering fire tolerance of trees at the Amazonia–Cerrado transition by trait‐based approach: Implications from species to communities
• The partitioning of food resources between two rodents in the subtropical region of southern Brazil
• The Marchantia polymorpha pangenome reveals ancient mechanisms of plant adaptation to the environment
• Nuclear phylogenomics reveals strong geographic patterns in the evolutionary history of <i>Aloe</i> and related genera (alooids)
• Target enrichment data reveal rapid divergence with reticulate evolution of <i>Maianthemum</i> (Asparagaceae: Convallarioideae) in the Himalayan‐Hengduan Mountains and eastern Asia
• Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1
• Deep reticulation: the long legacy of hybridization in vascular plant evolution
• Comparative morphology at a crossroads
• The ancestral flower of angiosperms and its early diversification
• Divergent structural leaf trait spectra in succulent versus non-succulent plant taxa
• Lysimachia yulongensis (Primulaceae), a new species in Lysimachia sect. Pumilae from Yunnan, China
• Terrestrialization: toward a shared framework for ecosystem evolution
• An updated checklist of vascular plants of Myanmar
• Revisiting the molecular circumscription of Sladeniaceae sensu lato (Ericales): Insights from phylogenetic discordance
• Reshaping organellar translation and tRNA metabolism: the consequences of photosynthesis loss and massive horizontal gene transfer
• Heterodichogamy in <i>Ascarina lucida</i> (Chloranthaceae)
• Chromosome‐scale genome assembly of the endangered aquatic plant <i>Ottelia songmingensis</i> elucidates genomic features and conservation implications
• Vascular plants of east-central Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada: an annotated checklist of a mid-Arctic flora
• Caterpillar diet breadth in Área de Conservación Guanacaste, a large and diverse Neotropical wildland in northwestern Costa Rica: toxins, silica, aluminum, and sclerophylly
• Desiccation‐tolerant vascular plants from Western Ghats, India: review, updated checklist, future prospects and new insights
• Linkage between community assemblage of floral traits and pollinator fauna: a comparison among six geographical regions
• NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools
• OsSYMRK Plays an Essential Role in AM Symbiosis in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>)
• Allopolyploidization events and immense paleogenome reshuffling underlying the diversification of plants and secondary metabolites in Oleaceae
• Evidence linking life‐form to a major shift in diversification rate in <i>Crassula</i>
• Chromosome‐level genome assembly of the endangered <i>Magnolia sinostellata</i> : Insights into genome evolution, cold stress resistance, and terpenoid biosynthesis
• Towards a revision of the Cyphia elata complex (Campanulaceae: Cyphioideae) in southern Africa, with a provisional key to the species
• Morphoanatomy and biochemistry of seeds of Dicypellium caryophyllaceum (Lauraceae) at different stages of fruit maturation
• Conserved amino acid residues and gene expression patterns associated with the substrate preferences of the competing enzymes FLS and DFR
• Flora and structure of the naturally regenerating riparian vegetation of the Rio Doce River: basis for environmental restoration actions
• Mitochondrial genomic data are effective at placing mycoheterotrophic lineages in plant phylogeny
• First fossil fruits of <i>Elaeocarpus</i> (Elaeocarpaceae) in East Asia: Implications for phytogeography and paleoecology
• Novel perspectives on plastome evolution in Onagraceae
• A novel phylogenomics pipeline reveals extensive topological conflict in the evolution of the angiosperm order Cucurbitales
• Uganda’s endemic flora: discovery, diversity, distribution and threat status
• Functional Signatures of Surface Pollen and Vegetation Are Broadly Similar: Good News for Past Reconstructions of Vegetation
• Genetic, phenotypic, and ecological differentiation indicate a new cryptic and threatened species in the orchid genus <i>Epidendrum</i> from Alcatrazes Island, southeastern Brazil
• An Angiosperm-Wide Analysis of the Correlates of Gynodioecy
• Refining generic limits in Hyacinthinae (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae): Conflict and concordance between morphology and phylogenomics
• Plant Dispersal across the Tropical Atlantic by Wind and Sea Currents
• Smut grass (Sporobolus indicus) chemical control: a systematic review
• Using logging residues as a postharvest silvicultural treatment in managed forests in the Amazon
• Evaluating the African arid corridor hypothesis: A meta‐analysis including the phylogenetic and biogeographical history of <i>Sesamothamnus</i>
• Phylogenetic placement of Ceratophyllum submersum based on a complete plastome sequence derived from nanopore long read sequencing data
• An updated phylogeny of Boraginales based on the Angiosperms353 probe set: a roadmap for understanding morphological evolution
• The Genomics for Australian Plants (GAP) framework initiative – developing genomic resources for understanding the evolution and conservation of the Australian flora
• Taxonomy in the light of incongruence: An updated classification of Malvales and Malvaceae based on phylogenomic data
• Fossil pollen data can reconstruct robust spatial patterns of biodiversity in the past
• Historical biogeography of <i>Vellozia</i> (Velloziaceae) reveals range expansion in South American mountaintops after climatic cooling events and increased diversification rates after the occupation of Southern <i>Espinhaço</i> Province
• Investigating historical drivers of latitudinal gradients in polyploid plant biogeography: A multiclade perspective
• A comparative analysis of plastome evolution in autotrophic Piperales
• An almost fully resolved phylogeny for the Dutch Angiosperm Flora
• The phylogenetic distribution of extrafloral nectaries in plants
• A checklist of the vascular plants of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Sedum xinchangense, a new species of Crassulaceae from Zhejiang, East China
• Morphological redescription and ecological niche modelling of Gustavia santanderiensis (Lecythidaceae), with a key for the genus in the Magdalena Valley, Colombia
• Spatial distribution patterns and formation of global spermatophytes
• Functional Traits and Phylogeny Explain Plant Phenological Variations Among Native and Non‐Native Species in Botanical Gardens
• Novelties in the genus Ardisia (Primulaceae) from Vietnam: a new species and two new records
• Pharmacological and behavioral investigation of putative self-medicative plants in Budongo chimpanzee diets
• Rhizophora stylosa (Rhizophoraceae) newly recorded from Thailand: lectotypification, leaf anatomy, and pollen morphology
• Are these islands isolated? Floristic diversity in inselberg habitats of the Caatinga, Northeastern Brazil
• Responses of Translocated Cattleya intermedia (Orchidaceae) to Environmental Key Features in a Vertical Gradient of Subtropical Forest, Brazil
• Lysimachia pubiflora (Primulaceae), a new species from Hubei, China
• Fruit and seed structure in the ANA‐grade angiosperms: Ancestral traits and specializations
• Elaiophores: their taxonomic distribution, morphology and functions
• Cataloguing the alien spermatophyte flora of a remote tropical island: Methods and insights from Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
• Typification of the Linnaean name <i>Gratiola peruviana</i> (Plantaginaceae)
• Elevational Patterns of Plant Species Richness: Insights from Western Himalayas
• Revalidating Scorzonera ahmet-duranii and Describing S. nikferica (Asteraceae) from Turkey as a New Species, with Insights into Their Taxonomic Relationships Based on ISSR Markers
• Patterns of Tree Species Abundance and Diversity on Urban Sidewalks in Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
• The impact of thermogenesis on the origin of insect pollination
• Taxonomic diversity of green plants (Viridiplantae) in the Caatinga Phytogeographic Domain: a study supported by environmental licensing
• Horsetails Are Ancient Polyploids: Evidence from <i>Equisetum giganteum</i>
• The largest eukaryotic genome of them all?
• Integrating a phylogenetic framework for mapping biodiversity patterns to set conservation priorities for an oceanic island flora
• The evolutionary dynamics of plant mating systems: how bias for studying ‘interesting’ plant reproductive systems could backfire
• A possible pattern in the evolution of male meiotic cytokinesis in angiosperms
• Taxonomic note of Parnassia (Celastraceae): the identity of P. yui
• Rethinking pathways to the dioecy–polyploidy association: Genera with many dioecious species have fewer polyploids
• Foliar spectra accurately distinguish most temperate tree species and show strong phylogenetic signal
• From living to fossil: ancestral state reconstruction of leaf architecture in extant Lauraceae and its relevance for the fossil record
• Systematics of Parnassia (Celastraceae) inferred from plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data
• V.PhyloMaker2: An updated and enlarged R package that can generate very large phylogenies for vascular plants
• Southern Hemisphere Biogeography Inferred by Event-Based Models: Plant versus Animal Patterns
• Widespread occurrence of natural genetic transformation of plants by Agrobacterium
• Complete plastid genome sequence of the chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and the phylogenetic distribution of rps12 and clpP intron losses among legumes (Leguminosae)
• Morphoanatomy and ontogeny of fruit in Bromeliaceae species
• Late-acting self-incompatibility in Asimina triloba: implications for the evolution of self-incompatibility in angiosperms
• Comparative insights into molecular pathways influencing germline development in early‐divergent angiosperms
• Alismatales [wikipedia]
• Arecales [wikipedia]
• Asparagales [wikipedia]
• Commelinales [wikipedia]
• Contortae [wikipedia]
• Dioscoreales [wikipedia]
• Walter Stephen Judd [wikipedia]

Related

• An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III
• Toward a phylogenomic classification of magnoliids
• Taxonomy in the light of incongruence: An updated classification of Malvales and Malvaceae based on phylogenomic data
• A phylogenomic approach to disentangling the evolution of the large and diverse daisy tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae)
• Refining generic limits in Hyacinthinae (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae): Conflict and concordance between morphology and phylogenomics