2026/07/20 by Abhijith Ajith, Utkarsh Kumar
#astro-ph.CO #gr-qc
Recent DESI results exhibit preference for a Null Energy Condition violating dynamical dark energy, with early phantom behaviour. We explore an alternative interpretation in which this preference arises from unconventional dark matter dynamics rather than from dynamical dark energy. We propose a dynamical dark matter (DDM) model, with a non-zero equation of state (EoS) that smoothly interpolates between early time and late time asymptotes across a transition scale factor at, and study its consequences against cosmological datasets including CMB, DESI DR2 BAO, SNeIa (PantheonPlus, Union3, and DESY5) and growth rate data. We find the early time EoS to be consistent with zero, while the present day value is negative at a significance ranging from 0.42σ to 3.02σ depending on the dataset combination. The strongest preference occurs from the combination of CMB, DESI, and DESY5 giving the present day EoS to be -0.060+0.013-0.028 and at = 0.41+0.088-0.13 at 68% CL. This preference for a non-zero, late time DM EoS persists when growth rate data are included and across all three SNeIa compilations considered, while the matter density Ωm mildly shifts to higher values relative to ΛCDM. The model also predicts a lower σ8 and S8 than ΛCDM, in better agreement with weak-lensing data, while H0 remains unchanged and in tension with local distance-ladder measurements. The DDM model is preferred over ΛCDM (Δχ2\rm MAP = -14.093, Δ\rm DIC = -7.838 for Planck+DESI+DESY5) but disfavored relative to the CPL parameterization of DE (Δχ2\rm MAP = 6.755, Δ\rm DIC = 7.966). This preference is consistent among other combination of datasets as well.